INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Class XI

Chapter 1

INDIA LOCATION

Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below. 

1. Which of the following latitudinal ranges is relevant to India’s area?   6°45′ N - 37°6'N 
2. Which one of the following countries shares the longest land frontier with India? Myanmar 
3. Which one of the following countries is larger in area than India?  China  
4. Which one of the following longitudes is the standard meridian for India?82°30'E 
5.  Does India need to have more than one standard time? If yes, why do you think so? NO
6. What are the implications of IndiIndia'sg coastline? Trade, Commerce
7. How is the latitudinal spread of India advantageous to her? Varied natural vegetation ranging from polar to tropical region 
8. While the sun rises earlier in the east, say Nagaland and also sets earlier, how do the watches at Kohima and New Delhi show the same time. Ans The Indian Standard Time is calculated from a central meridian (82.5°E) to provide a uniform time for the whole country. National Consistency: All clocks and watches in India are set to this single IST, so the local time of sunrise or sunset, which is determined by the earth's rotation and a location's longitude, does not affect the time displayed on clocks. 
9. Why has 82 30 mins east has been chosen as a standard meridian? Explain its relation with gmt?Central Location: India spans a large longitudinal distance, creating a nearly two-hour difference between its eastern and western limits. Choosing 82°30′E, which is near the country's center (passing through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh), offers a balanced time standard for the entire nation. ☺Uniform Time: Using a single standard meridian avoids the confusion and inconvenience of having different local times across a vast country, creating a single, uniform time zone for all of India. ☺Practicality: This choice helps maintain a consistent time for administrative purposes, daily life, and scheduling throughout India. Relation to GMT:Greenwich Mean Time (GMT): GMT is the time at the Prime Meridian (0° longitude), which runs through Greenwich, London. Time Difference: The 82°30′E meridian is 82.5 degrees east of the Prime Meridian. Since the Earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, it rotates 15 degrees per hour or 1 degree in 4 minutes. IST: Therefore, 82.5 degrees east corresponds to 82.5 * 4 = 330 minutes, or 5 hours and 30 minutes. India is located to the east of the Prime Meridian, so its time is ahead of GMT. 
10. What is the total area of India? 3.28 sqkm Give its percentage?2.4
11. What is a subcontinent?A unit of land saperate from rest of the continent is called a subcontinent.Name the countries that are included in Indian subcontinent?

Chapter 2

STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

1. Where in India will you find a cold desert? LADHAK Name some important ranges of this region.
2. What is the age of the earth? 4.60 million
3. Name any two rift valleys of India? Narmada and Tapi
4. Based on its geological structure and formations India can be divided in 3 geological divisions name them?
5. What are the characteristics of peninsular block?
6. Name six physiographic division of India
7. Name three factors that influence physiography?
8. What are the characteristics of Himalayas’? compare them with peninsular region
9. Name the three major rivers of northern plains? P-15
10. Explain about the major zones of northern plains? p-15
11. What are the important geomorphological features found in the river valley plains?
12. Why is the western coastal plain is devoid of any delta?
13. Distinguish between
14. Banger and khaddar p-15
15. Bhabar and tarai
16. Explain about the three physical divisions of peninsular plateau? p-16
17. Name the three important ravines of peninsular plateaup-16
18. Distinguish between eastern Ghats and western ghats? p-16
19. What are the three physical divisions of Meghalaya plateau? p-17
20. Define the term Marusthalil? p-17
21. Explain about the features great Indian desert? p-18
22. On the basis of location active geomorphologic process coastal plains can be divided into two parts discuss.
23. Distinguish between
24. Eastern coastal plain and western coastal plain
25. Andaman and nicobar and lakshwadeep island
26. Define the term archipelago
27. What are kayals?BACKWATERS where are they located.MALABAR COAST
28. Name the famous kayals where Nehru trophy Vallamkali boat race takes place? p-18 PUNNAMADA KHAYAL IN KERELA
29. What is the importance of 10- degree channel? WATER BODY THAT DEVIDES ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR
30. Name the active volcanoes of India and also give its place. And location? Barren Island
31. Make a comparison of the island groups of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.same as question25
32. What are the important geomorphological features found in the river valley plains?

Chapter - 3

Drainage system 

1.  Define Catchment area ANS A river drains the water collected from a specific area, which is called its ‘catchment area’. 
2. Define Drainage basin ANS An area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin.
3. What is water shed?ANS The boundary line separating one drainage basin from the other is known as the watershed
4. On the basis of discharge of water orientation to the sea Indian drainage basin may be divided into two groups. ANS (i) the Arabian Sea drainage; and (ii) the Bay of Bengal drainage.
5. River basins and water sheds are marked by unity. Explain. ANS What happens in one part of the basin or watershed directly affects the other parts and the unit as a whole.
6. State the differences between the following.
7. (i) River Basin and Watershed
8. (ii) Dendritic and Trellis drainage pattern
9. (iii) Radial and Centripetal drainage pattern
10. (iv) Delta and Estuary
11. Why is river kosi known as sorrow of Bihar? ANS River Kosi, also know as the ‘sorrow of Bihar’, has been notorious for frequently changing its course. The Kosi brings huge quantity of sediments from its upper reaches and deposits it in the plains. The course gets blocked, and consequently, the river changes its course.
12. Name the northern tributaries of Ganga?Yamuna, Ganga, Gomti, Gaghra, Gandak, Kosi. 
13. Name the southern tributes of ganga? Chambal, Sindh, betwa, ken, son
14. Explain about the Indo Brahma River? What evidence supports its existence? What factors led to its dismemberment? Pg-20
15. Name the largest tributary of Indus. Chenab 
16. Name the five tributaries of Indus.ANS The five major tributaries of the Indus River are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers
17. Explain about the origin of river Ganga also name its longest tributaries. Pg-21 A ganga originates at Gangotri at gaumukh, Yamuna is the longest tributaries
18. Explain about the three major geological events in distant past that influenced the present drainage system of peninsular India? Pg-23 
19. Name the river known as Dakshin Ganga. Godavari
20. Why is Godavari known as Dakshin ganga? Discuss Ans Godavri is known as Dakshin ganga as it has a large number of tributries and it is one of the largest river of South India.
21. Name the largest river system of Rajasthan.  Luni
22. 

Chapters 5

Natural vegetation

Explain the different types of forests: 

Forest type

Tropical Evergreen

Semi Evergreen forests

Tropical Deciduous forests

Moist

Tropical Deciduous forests

Dry

Tropical Thorn forests

Montane forests

Littoral and

Swamp forests

Rainfall

200+ cm

100- 200 cm

70-100 cm

Less than 50 cm

Temperature

22 C

Types of vegetation

(R.E.M.A)

Rosewood

Ebony

Mahogany

Aini

(W.H.K.)

White- cedar Hillock and

Kail

(S.A.T)

Sal

Amla

Teak

(P.A.K.)

Palas

Axle wood

Khair

(T.A.B)

Tendu

Amaltas

Bel

Babool

Ber Balnd

Date Palm

Neem

Tussocky grass

Location

Western Ghats, hills of north eastern region & adaman and nicobar islands

Northern mountain forest &

Southern mountain forest

Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

1. Sandalwood is an example of: Deciduous forest
2. In which one of the following states is the Nandadevi Biosphere reserve situated?Uttarakhand
3. How many of the Biosphere reserves from India are recognised by theUNESCO?12
4. Which one of the following proportion of area of the country was targetedto be under forest in Forest Policy of India? 33
5. What is natural vegetation?ANS Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible
6. Under what climatic conditions are tropical evergreen forests develop?
7. What do you understand by social forestry?ANS Social forestry means the management and protection of forests and afforestation on barren lands with the purpose of helping in the environmental, social and rural development.
8. Define Biosphere reserves?ANS A Biosphere Reserve is a unique and representative ecosystem of terrestrial and coastal areas which are internationally recognised within the framework of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
9. What steps have been taken up to conserve forests?
10. How can people’s participation be effective in conserving forests and wildlife
11. Explain the different types of forests:  
12. India is a long tradition of conservation, give one point to support this fact. (Pg-63)
13. What are the features of the comprehensive wildlife act of 1972? (Pg-63) 
14. What are the reasons for declining of wildlife? ANS(Pg-63)Some of the important reasons of the declining of wildlife are as follows: 
15.  Industrial and technological advancement brought about a rapid increase in the exploitation of forest resources. 
16.  More and more lands were cleared for agriculture, human settlement, roads, mining, reservoirs, etc. 
17.  Pressure on forests mounted due to lopping for fodder and fuelwood and removal of small timber by the local people.
18. Grazing by domestic cattle caused an adverse effect on wildlife and its habitat. 
19. Hunting was taken up as a sport by the elite and hundreds of wild animals were killed in a single hunt. Now commercial poaching is rampant. 
20. Incidence of forest fire.

Chapter: 6 not taught

Natural hazards and disasters

1. What are natural hazards? (Pg-78)
2. What are the four categories of natural disasters? (Pg-79)
3. What are the various causes of earthquakes? (Pg-80)
4. What is the 5-earthquake zone? (Pg-81)
5. What are the effects of earthquakes? (Pg-81)
6. Explain 4 steps involved in earthquake mitigation. (Pg-83)
7. What are the initial conditions involved in emergence of a tropical cyclone? (Pg-84)
8. Define storm surge? L
9. How has human action lead to intensification flood? (Pg-86)
10. Explain what is draught is? What are the 4 types of draughts? (Pg-88)
11. What is the positive consequence of flood? (Pg-88)
12. Name the waterborne disease that spread due to draught. (Pg-90)
13. What are the steps that can be taken to mitigate the impacts of drought? (Pg-91)
14. What are the 3 stages involved in disaster mitigation and management? (Pg-92)
15. When can a hazard become a disaster? 
16. ) Why are there more earthquakes in the Himalayas and in the north-eastern region of India? 
17.  What are the basic requirements for the formation of a cyclone?
18.  How are the floods in Eastern India different from the ones in Western India?
19. Why are there more droughts in Central and Western India? 
20. What is vulnerability? Divide India into natural disaster vulnerability zones based on droughts and suggest some mitigation measures. 
21. When can developmental activities become the cause of disasters?

Fundamentals of Physical Geography Class XI Question Bank

Chapter1

Geography as a discipline

1. What is geography? Why should we study geography? Give two reasons Pg.-2 1+2=3           
   
   Ans. We live on the surface of the Earth. Our lives are affected by our surroundings in many ways. We depend on the resources to sustain ourselves in the surrounding areas.
   
   
   

2. Who coined the term geography? Give its two root words. 1+1+1=3                                            Ans. Eratosthenes. The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar (276-194 BC). The word has been derived from two roots from the Greek language: geo (earth) and graphos (description

3. “Geography as a discipline is concerned with three sets of questions”. Explain. Pg.-3             1+1+1=3                                                                                                                                          Ans Geography as a discipline is concerned with three sets of questions: (i) Some questions are related to the identification of the patterns of natural and cultural features as found over the surface of the earth. These are the questions about what? (ii) Some questions are related to the distribution of the natural and human/cultural features over the surface of the earth. These are the questions about where? The third question is related to the explanation or the causal relationships between features and the processes and phenomena. This aspect of geography is related to the question, why?
4. Explain the difference between history and geography? Why is the world called a global village? Pg. -4 1+2=3                                                                                                                          Ans. Geography is a discipline of synthesis. It attempts spatial synthesis, and history attempts temporal synthesis. Its approach is holistic in nature. It recognises the fact that the world is a system of interdependencies. The present world is being perceived as a global village. The distances have been reduced by better means of transportation, increasing accessibility. Audio-visual media and information technology have enriched the database.
5. Explain the two approaches to studying geography? Name one person associated with each approach? Pg.- 7   2+1=3                                                                                                                            Ans The major approaches to study geography have been (i) Systematic and (ii) Regional. The systematic geography approach is the same as that of general geography. This approach was introduced by Alexander Von Humboldt, a German geographer (1769-1859),  while the regional geography approach was developed by another German geographer and a contemporary of Humboldt, Karl Ritter (1779-1859). In the systematic approach, a phenomenon is studied worldwide as a whole. In the regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels, and then all the geographical phenomena in a particular region are studied.

What do you understand about dualism in geography?                                                                   Ans Dualism is one of the main characteristics of geography which got introduced from the very beginning. This dualism depended on the aspect emphasised in the study. Earlier scholars laid emphasis on physical geography. But human beings are an integral part of the earth’s surface. They are part and parcel of nature. They also have contributed through their cultural development. Thus developed human geography with emphasis on human activities

Chapter-2

Origin & Evolution of Earth

1. Who gave the nebular Hypothesis? Pg.-13Emmanuel kant

2. What is the other name of the Big Bang theory? Pg.-13 Expanding Universe Hypothesis 

3. What are the three stages of the development of the universe according to the Big bang theory? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3 

4. What are the three stages of the development of planets? Pg.-15  1x3 =3                    
1. The stars are localised lumps of gas within a nebula.                                     T
2. These small, rounded objects, by the process of cohesion, develop into what is called planetesimals.                                                                              
3.  In the final stage, a large number of small planetesimals accrete to form fewer large bodies in the form of planets.
     

5. How was the layered structure of the Earth developed?

6. What are the three stages of Evolution of the present atmosphere? 1x3 =3 
   

7. Define the following

• Galaxy: A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity.

• Nebula A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. 

• Light-year: A light-year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year (365.25 days).

• Planetesimals: Planetesimals are small rock fragments that were the seeds of the current planets. As the solar system formed from a nebula, gases and molecules combined and grew larger and larger. Gravity was the driving force that allowed the planetesimals to collide into each other as they orbited the young Sun.

• Degassing:  The process through which the gases were outgassed from the interior is called degassing.

• Solar windssolar winds are defined as a stream of energetic charged particles (such as protons and electrons) released from the Sun's outermost atmosphere, known as the corona.

  Key Roles in Earth's Evolution
  • Stripping Primordial Atmospheres: Solar winds were most intense near the Sun during the early stages of the solar system. They stripped away the primordial atmospheres. 

• Differentiation

Chapter3

Interior of the Earth

1. Define the following: - 

1. Focus. 

2. Tsunami  

3. Asthenosphere  

4. Magma  

5. Epicenter. 

2. What are the three indirect sources about the interior of the Earth? Explain. 1+1+1=3  

3. What is an earthquake? 1+1+1=3  

4. Write a short note on the shadow zone. 3 x 1 = 3

5. Distinguish between body waves and surface waves. 1+1+1=3  

6. Differentiate between Primary waves and secondary waves. 1+1+1=3  

7. Explain the five types of Volcanoes. 5x1=5  

8. Explain the five types of earthquakes. 5x1=5  

9. Explain the structure of the Earth.  5x1=5  

10. Explain the five intrusive forms of volcanic landforms. 5x1=5 

Chapter-4

DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

1. Multiple choice questions.

    (i) Who amongst the following was the first to consider the possibility of Europe, Africa and America having been located side by side?(c) Abraham Ortelius

   (ii) Polar fleeing force relates to:(c) Rotation of the Earth

   (iii) Which one of the following is not a minor plate? (d) Antarctica

   (iv) Which one of the following facts was not considered by those while discussing the concept of sea floor spreading? (c) Distribution of fossils in different continents.

    (v) Which one of the following is the type of plate boundary of the Indian plate along the Himalayan mountains? (d) Continent-continent convergence

   2. Answer the following questions.

   (i) How are the convectional currents in the mantle initiated and maintained?

   (ii) What were the major post-drift discoveries that rejuvenated the interest of scientists in the study of the distribution of oceans and continents

2. Define the following: Pg 27               

1. Pangaea

2. Hotspots 

3. Panthalassa

3. Who proposed the theory of continental drift? Explain four pieces of evidence that support this theory. Pg 27   1+4=5

4. What were the two forces suggested by Wegener that forced the drifting of the continents? Pg27 1x2=2

5. Who gave the convectional current theory? Explain its basic postulates .3x1=3
1. The convection current theory was proposed by Arthur Holmes in the 1930s. This theory suggests that convection currents within the Earth's mantle, driven by radioactive decay, are responsible for the movement of tectonic plates and the formation of geological features like mountains. 

6. Explain the concept of seafloor spreading. Give arguments in favour of seafloor spreading. HESS 

7. What is the Ring of Fire? Why is it called so? Give reasons for the same. 

1. The Ring of Fire, also known as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a horseshoe-shaped zone around the Pacific Ocean characterised by frequent and intense seismic and volcanic activity. It's called the Ring of Fire because it's a geologically active region where the majority of the world's earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. 

8. Explain the three major ocean floor configurations. 

9. Who gave the theory of plate tectonics? McKenzie, Parker and Morgan

10. What are the two main sources of heat within the Earth?1/2 +1/2=1 

11. Name the plate which has minimum rate of plate movement. The Arctic Ridge

12. Name the plate which has maximum rate of plate movement.  East Pacific Rise

12. What are the 2 types of plates on the basis of size and configuration?  Give two examples of each.    2+1=3 

Chapter-5

Geomorphic processes 

Multiple choice questions.
 (i)Which one of the following processes is a gradational process? (d) Erosion

 (ii) Which one of the following materials is affected by the hydration process? Salts
 (iii) Debris avalanche can be included in the category of: (c) Rapid flow mass movements
 

Answer the following questions.
 (i)What are the various mobile and mighty exogenic geomorphic agents and
 what is the prime job they perform?
 (ii)“Our earth is a playfield for two opposing groups of geomorphic processes.”
 Discuss.
 (iii) Exogenic geomorphic processes derive their ultimate energy from the sun’s
 heat. Explain.

1.  Distinguish between Exogenic and Endogenic forces. Pg 37

2. What is gradation? Explain its two components. pg 37

3. Distinguish between Aggradation and  Degradation. Pg 37

4. What are the four main factors for endogenic processes? pg 38

5. What do you understand about diastrophism? Explain its four types?pg38

6. What are geomorphic agents?Explain?pg38

7. Explain the Importance of gravity and gradient in framing relief features?pg46

8. What is the main source of energy for exogenic forces?pg47

9.  Name the two elements that cause weathering: Weather and Climate 

10. What are the three types of Weathering? 

• Chemical Weathering/ Physical and /Biological Weathering 

11. What are the differences caused in chemical weathering?  Carbonation/ Hydration and /Reduction of the rock 

12. The Physical And Chemical Weathering depend on some applied force can be…Gravitational Force and Expansion Force 

13. What are the agents in Biological Weathering ?Earthworm(kechua)/Termites (dimak)/Rodents (rat)

14. What is denudation? What are the processes concerned under denudation?pg47

15. What do you understand by weathering? Explain its significance. pg48

16. Explain the three major groups of weathering. pg48

17. What is soil? Explain the process of soil formation. Pg45

18. What are the five factors that influence soil formation?

19. Explain nitrogen fixation.pg 45

           

Chapter-7

Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

1. Describe the composition of the atmosphere? 

2. Explain the role of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ozone in the atmosphere.1+1+1=3 

3. Explain in brief the importance of the following: -  

1. Troposphere  

2. Stratosphere  

3. Ionosphere  

4. What are the elements of weather and climate? 1/2X6=3  

5. Explain the structure of the atmosphere.

Chapter8

Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

1.  DEFINE-

1. Isolation  

2. Aphelion  

3. Perihelion

4.   Isolation

5. Terrestrial radiation  

2. The atmosphere is mainly heated by the………………….

3. What are the five factors that affect insolation?

4. Draw a figure of summer solestic showing all the degrees showing all the degrees. 

5. Name the three ways in which Earth's atmosphere gets heated? Explain each in detail. 1+3=4  

6. Why does the sky appear red or blue? Why do subtropical deserts have maximum heat? What is the major cause for the heating of the Earth?                                            1+1+1=3  

7. What are the five factors that influence the temperature of air?                                                                 5x1=5

8. Distinguish between insolation and terrestrial radiation. 1+1+1=3  

9. What are the four factors that affect insolation? 1x4=4             

10. What is precipitation? Explain four forms of precipitation. 1+4=5 

11. Discuss the processes through which the Earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.

12. Explain the albedo of the Earth.

13. What is the main cause of the heating of the atmosphere? Why?

14. Name a gas that traps heat? Co2

15. Explain heat budget.

16. What is the heat balance or heat budget of the Earth?

17. What are isotherms?

18. Explain air drainage?

19. What do you understand about the normal lapse rate?

20. What do you understand by inversion of temperature? Pg87

    
    
    
    

    Chapter - 9

1. What is atmospheric pressure? 
2. What is the unit of atmospheric pressure? ( millibar) 
3. Name the instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure? ( Mercury Barometer) 
4. The horizontal wind near the Earth's surface responds to combine effect of the forces; discuss each in detail. 
5. What do you understand by geostrophic wind? 
6. Distribution between cyclone and anticyclone. 
7. What are the five factors on which the pattern of planetary winds depends? 
8.  Draw a simplified figure of the general circulation of the atmosphere. 

Chapter-10 

Water in the atmosphere

1. Define:-

• Absolute humidity, 

• Relative humidity, 

• Saturated air, 

• Dew point,

• Evaporation, 

• Latent heat of evaporation

• Condensation, 

• Sublimation, 

• Humidity, 

• Hygroscopic nuclei (pg 98)

2. What are the factors that affect condensation? (pg 99)

3. What are the 4 types of condensation? (pg 99)

4. What are the 4 types of clouds? (pg99)

5. Name the three types of precipitation. Explain each in detail.

6. What are forms of condensation? Describe the process of dew and frost formation

7. Explain relative humidity? How is it different from absolute humidity? 1+2=3

8. Explain the world distribution of rainfall?

9. What are the three type’s rainfalls? Explain in detail.

Chapter- 12 

(WATER)

Page no 99

1. Why is the Earth called a blue planet?

2. Explain the hydrological cycle.

3. Name four major divisions of the ocean floor. Explain each division in detail 

4. Name the four major oceans 

5. ---------- percentage of land is covered with water 

6. Why do continental shelves have large deposits of petroleum 

7. Explain the five major divisions of the seafloor. give examples 

8. Explain the five minor divisions of the seafloor. give examples
   

9. What are the four factors that affect the temperature of water e? Explain each in detail 

10. Explain the temperature structure of ocean waters over the middle and lower latitudes 

11. Explain the term thermocline 

12. What are the factors that affect ocean salinity 

13. What is salinity 

14. What is the average temperature of the surface water

Your Dragger brought me to an end

Whatever you spoke behind my back, 

Has surely  been revealed, 

Whatever you thought will not be known,

Has certainly been revealed .

The dagger  of Brutus is the sharpest ,

For it severs your faith in your friends,

All other daggers just pierced the flesh,

Your dagger brought me to an end.

If you read these line and feel it's you,

Then I have passed the test, 

You were the one who did it,

You were the traitor at its best.

If I ask you the question, why?

Will you have an answer to share,

No you will never answer,

However hard I may try.

A poem by Reginold Ajay Jacob 

तुमने मेरी पीठ पीछे जो कहा,

वह जरूर खुलकर सामने आया,

तुमने जो सोचा था कि नहीं पता चलेगा,

वह भी जरूर खुलकर सामने आया।

ब्रूटस की तलवार सबसे तेज है,

क्योंकि वह तुम्हारे दोस्तों पर से तुम्हारा भरोसा तोड़ देती है,

बाकी तलवारें सिर्फ शरीर को चुभती हैं,

तुम्हारी तलवार ने मुझे खत्म कर दिया।

अगर तुम इन पंक्तियों को पढ़ो और महसूस करो कि यह तुम्हारे बारे में है,

तो मैं अपनी परीक्षा पास कर चुका हूँ,

तुम वही थे जिन्होंने यह किया था,

तुम सबसे अच्छे गद्दार थे।

मैं तुमसे पूछता हूँ, क्यों?

क्या तुम्हारे पास इसका जवाब होगा?

नहीं, तुम कभी जवाब नहीं दोगे,

चाहे मैं कितनी भी कोशिश करूँ।

तुम्हारी चुप्पी ही तुम्हारा जवाब है,

तुम्हारी खामोशी ही तुम्हारी साजिश को दर्शाती है,

मैं तुम्हें जानता हूँ, तुम्हारी सच्चाई को जानता हूँ,

तुम्हारी गद्दारी को कभी माफ नहीं किया जाएगा।

Fundamentals of Human Geography BOOK xii Question bank

XII-QUESTION BANK

Chapter-1

Human Geography: Nature and Scope

1. What are the two major components of the Earth? Define human geography.Pg-1
2. What is the core concern of geography? Pg-1
3. The dichotomy between physical and human geography is not a very valid one and should be seen holistically. Discuss. Pg-1
4. What is dualism in geography? Pg-1
5. What are three important points given in the definition of-Pg-2
6. Ratzel
7. Ellen C.
8. Paul Vidal de la Blache
9. Explain the relation between technology, nature and human development ?Pg. 2 
10. Differentiate between – determinism – stops and determinism –possibilism ?Pg. 3
11. Explain about three approaches to study human geography.Pg5                                                                                   
12. Differentiate between the Naturalisation of humans and the Humanisation of nature. Pg. 3 3x1=3
13. What do you understand by neo-determinism on the middle path? Pg. 4                                                  
14. What are the broad stages of approaches that geography has defined as different terms/periods? Pg. 5   
15. Explain the three approaches that emerged in 1970. Pg. 4-5
16. What are the subfields of geography? Pg. 6

Board questions 

1. Which are the three core points of human geography given by Elle C Semple?     (Delhi 2009)                   1 mark2.
2. "The nature and human beings are so intricately intertwined that they cannot be separated." Justify the statement.      (Delhi 2016) page 2             3mark
3.   "Nature and humans are inseparable elements". Justify the statement with examples.       (Delhi 2017) page2
4. "The knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology." Support this statement with examples. Page 2          (All India 2015)  3 marks
5. How is knowledge of nature important to develop technology? Explain with examples.    (Delhi 2010)Page 2 
6. What is the subject matter of the study of geography? Explain any 3 facts. (Delhi 2015) Page 2 definition
7. Explain how nature gets humanised.  (Delhi 2014) page 2
8. "There is mutual interaction between the elements of physical geography and human geography." Support the statement with.    (Delhi 2014)
9. Explain the concept of 'possibilism' with 3 suitable examples. Page 3
10. Define "human geography" in your own words. Mention any 4 fields of human geography.   (All India 2013)Page 6 
11. Define 'human geography '. Give 4 examples of elements of material culture created by humans, using the resources provided by nature. Page 2
12. Explain the concept of 'determinism' with suitable egs.  (Delhi 2011,09)pg-2
13. Explain the concept of neo-determinism with suitable egs.pg-4
14. What is the new concept of Griffith Taylor in the field of human geography? Describe the concept with examples. (All India 2008)Pg-4
15. How does technology loosen the shackles of envt. on humans? Explain with egs. (All India 2010)pg-2
16. State 6 approaches of human geography? (2008)Pg-5
17. State 6 different fields of human geography. (2008) pg-7
18. State any six subfields of social geography. (2008) pg-7
19. Six subfields of economic geography? (2008) pg-7   
20. "The knowledge and understanding of the laws are extremely valuable to humankind". Explain the values that can help us use the gifts of nature in a sustainable manner. (2016)pg-2
21. Explain how technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. (Delhi 2012) p

Chapter-2

The World Population

Distribution, Density and Growth

1. What was the population of the world at the beginning of the 21st century? SIX BILLION
2. Name the third most densely populated country of the world. U.S.A
3. What is the real wealth of the country? People 
4. Name the country with 
5. highest population CHINA
6. second highest population INDIA
7. Explain the four geographical factors that influence population distribution?Pg-9 CLAWS
8. Define density of population. 
9. What do you understand by the term Growth of Population and Natural growth of Population?
10. Explain the three economic factors that influence Population. Pg-10
11. Which are the basic components responsible for population growth? Describe each component in brief. Pg. 11
12. What is the actual growth rate of population? Pg-11
13. Which are the three basic components responsible for population change? Describe each factor in brief. Pg 11, 4marks
14. Define Crude birth rate. 
15. Explain the theory given by Malthus. What are the two types of checks as per Malthus? Explain which is better and why?Pg-15
16. What do you understand by DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE? Pg-15
17. Discuss the three stages of transformation of an agrarian economy into an urban industrial one? Give one country as a representative sample as per your book?PG-15
18. What do you understand by family planning? Explain steps taken to prevent population growth?Pg-15

Board questions 

1. How is the density of population of a region calculated? Delhi 2015 pg-9
2. Define the term population distribution. 2015 pg-8 3. 

Give the meaning of crude birth rate. 2013 pg-11

4. Define the term density of population. 2012 pg-9

5. Define population growth.2012 pg-10

6. Define the term positive growth of population. 2011 pg-10

7. Explain any 3 push and any 2 pull factors that influence the migrations of population in the world. 2016 pg-12

8. Describe any 3 factors of the first stage of demographic transition theory.  2014 pg-14

9. Describe 3 characteristics of the last stage of demographic transition theory. 2014 pg-14

10. Explain with examples any 3 geographical factors which influence the distribution of population in the world.  2008 pg-9

11."90% of the world population lives in about 10% of its total land areas, whereas the remaining 10% population resides in the 90% of its land area." Support the statement with examples.  2017 pg-8

12. What is the meaning of density of population? Examine the 4 geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in the world with examples. 2017 pg-9 

13. What is demographic cycle? Describe 3 stages of demographic transition theory?  2016 pg-14

14. When does positive population growth take place? Explain the geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in the world.  2015 pg-10

15. How is the mortality rate of a region affected? Explain any 4 push factors responsible for migration. 2015 pg-12

16. Explain 3 economic and 2 social and cultural factors influencing the distribution of the population in the world. 2015 pg-10

17. Explain 3 components of population change in the world.

Chapter-3Human Development

Name the only country of the one, which has proclaimed gross national happiness as the measure of a country's progress. 2x1=2
 Define the term Growth & Development.            
What is the main objective of human development according to Nobel laureate Professor Amartya Sen? 
Explain HDI. Who created the Human Development Index, and when was it created?
Explain human poverty index (HPI) 3x1=3 
Classify the countries of the world based on Human development. 1+2=3 
Explain the four approaches to human development. 4x1=4           
 What are the three key main areas of human development? Pg-
What are the four pillars of human development?Pg-18
What are the indicators used for the HDI?Pg-17
What are the indicators used for the HPI? [Human Poverty Index]Pg-18
 Distinguish between HDI and HPI?Pg-18
Name the country which proclaimed GNH as a means of a country's progress? What is GNH?BHUTAN Pg-18

 Board questions (Chapter 3)1. Leading a long and healthy life is an important aspect of human development. Give an argument to support this statement. (HOTS Delhi 2016)2. Define the concept of human development. 20163. Which country has proclaimed gross national happiness as the measure of a country's progress?. 2014 BHUTAN4. Name the country which has the highest rank in the Human Development Index. 2014. SWITZERLAND.5. Explain the basic needs approach to human development in the world.6. Mention any 2 key areas of measuring human development.20137. Which is the most significant aspect of human development?20128. Explain any 3 human values which are required to empower socially and economically disadvantaged people. Hots 20139. Development is a qualitative change, which is always value-positive. Support this statement with 3 arguments. 2012 hots10. Explain the key areas of human development.201211. Differentiate between growth & development with eg 201212. Explain any 3 features of the welfare approach of human development.201213. Explain the concept of equity and sustainability as the pillars of human development. 201114. The size of a territory & per capita income are not directly related to human development. Support this statement with examples. 201716 . What is human development? Analyse the four pillars of human development. 2017                                                                                                                                 

Chapter-4

 Primary Activities

1. In modern times, gathering has become market-oriented and commercial. Explain this statement with examples.     3x1=3              P
2. Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distance or vertically. Explain this statement with examples.   3x1=3
3. What do you understand by transhumance? State any four characteristics of pastoral Nomadism.         3x1=3
4. What are the economic activities? Explain poverty types or economic activities.
5. What are primary activities? Pg-22
6. Name the two oldest economic activities. Pg-22
7. What is poaching?Pg-22
8. What is nomadic herding? Give its characteristics.
9. What is subsistence agriculture? Explain it in two categories? Pg-
10. Explain slash and burn agriculture/shifting agriculture? Give two other names associated with shifting agriculture? Pg-
11. What are the four important plantation crops? Pg-
12. Explain five characteristic features of plantation agriculture? Pg-
13. Explain the contributions of the different colonial powers in selling plantation agriculture in different parts of the world? Pg-
14. Give at least 3 examples to prove that plantation agriculture was introduced by the Europeans and the Americans in the tropical lands? Pg-
15.  In which type of agriculture is agriculture developed by the number of seasons? European colonies in tropical lands Pg-
16. What is the difference between mixed farming and dairy farming? Pg-
17. In which type of agriculture are crops & animal husbandry given equal importance?PG-
18. Why is dairy farming concentrated near the urban and industrial centres? Name the main regions associated with commercial dairy farming? Pg-
19. In which type of agriculture there is no off season? Pg-
20. Which type of agriculture is famous for citrus fruits? Pg-
21. What is Viticulture? GRAPE CULTIVATION
22. Which country is famous for the growth of tulips?NETHERLAND
23. What is factory farming? Pg-
24. What is horticulture? Pg-
25. Explain truck farming? Pg-
26. What are factors that led to sudden increase in mining activity? Explain the factors that influence mining? Pg-
27. Name a country in which collective farming was practised.USSR. What was it called?KOLKHOZE
28. Name a country in which every farmer is a member of the co-operative movement?DENMARK
29. What are two methods of mining?
30. Why are developed countries moving away from mines? Pg-
31. Name three important stages regarding the use of the history of human development? Pg-
32. What have been various uses of minerals since ancient times? Pg-
33. Explain major factors affecting mining activity. Pg-32
34. There are two types of mining shown in the diagram. Identify and give the correct title or name to each.Pg-33
35. Give two major features of each type of mining.Pg-33
36. Write a short note on open-cast mining?Pg-33
37. Board questions
38. What are economic activities?2015 Pg.
39. Who are called red-collar workers?2015 Pg. 
40. What is truck farming? 2014 Pg.
41. Name the 2 activities on which early human beings were dependent on the environment for their sustenance.2011,2008. Pg..
42. What is nomadic herding?2011 Pg. 
43. Name any 2 areas of high latitudes in the world, where gathering economic activities are practised.2010 Pg.
44. Name the country where practically every farmer is a member of a cooperative society.2008 Pg.
45. Explain any 3 features of underground mining methods in different countries of the world.2010 Pg.
46. "Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals in the world." Analyse the statement with examples.2009 Pg.
47. Describe the way of life of nomadic herders in the world.2017 Pg
48. Classify intensive subsistence agriculture into 2 categories practised in the world. How are they different from each other?2017 Pg.
49. Diff. B/w nomadic herding and commercial livestock rearing, any 5 points of distinction.2016 Pg
50. Diff. B/w cooperative farming and collective farming, 5 points.2016 Pg.41 
51. Define the term commercial livestock rearing. Explain any 4 characteristics.2015 Pg.
52. Define the term mixed farming. Explain any 4 characteristics of mixed farming practised in the world.2014 Pg.
53. Explain any 5 characteristics of extensive commercial grain cultivation practised in the world.2014 Pg.
54. Explain any 5 characteristics of dairy farming in the world.2013 Pg.
55. Describe 5 characteristics of economic activities of hunting and gathering in the world.2012 Pg.
56. Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practised in the world?
57. What is the importance of dairy farming?
58. Why is it mainly practised near urban and industrial centres of the world? Explain 2 reasons.2011 Pg.
59. What is subsistence agriculture? Mention any 4 points of primitive subsistence agriculture.2011 Pg. And pg.
60. "There is low yield per acre but high yield per person in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid latitudes in the world".Support this statement with suitable examples.2009 Pg.
61. What is the meaning of market gardening and horticulture? Describe any 4 characteristics of this type of agriculture in the world.2008 Pg.

Chapter-5

 Secondary Activities

1. What are footloose industries?   Pg-38         3x1=3
2. Explain with suitable example any four factors which help in location of an industry in a particular region   Pg-37 -38          4 x 1 = 4
3. What are secondary activities?PG-45
4. How is manufacturing different in the developed and developing countries?Pg-45
5. Distinguish between - Pg-45
6. Specialisation of skills
7. Methods of production
8. Explain the concept of manufacturing in past? What do you understand by the term manufacturing today?Pg-46
9. What are the five characteristics of modern manufacturing?Pg-46
10. Explain organizational structure significant of manufacturing industries?Pg-46
11. What is a market? Which regions of the world have better markets why?Pg-47
12. Which regions of the world offer smaller markets?PG-47
13. Which industries are located near the source of raw materials and why?Pg-47
14. What are the factors that led to reduced dependence on labour? Pg-47
15. Explain the change that has taken place in the relative importance of different sources of energy in relation to the industry?Pg-47
16. Explain the impact of efficient transportation on industrial developments? Pg-47
17. Explain the ………..large scale industries….? Pg-49
18. What are the basis of large-scale manufacturing? World major industries regions may be grouped into two broad types?Pg-50
19. What do you understand by agro-based factories? Pg-41
20. Distinguish between consumer goods industry/basic industries?Pg-42
21. What are the three types of industries on the basis of ownership?Pg-42
22. Explain high technology industries?Pg-42

Board questions

 1 mark question

1. Define the term technopolies. (Delhi 2016)
2. What is a household industry? (2011)
3. What is the importance of secondary activities in the world?2009
4. Classify industries into 2 groups on the basis of metallic minerals. All India 2008
5. 3 mark questions
6. Describe any 3 characteristics of household industries. (Delhi 2014)
7. Explain any 3 characteristics of modern large-scale manufacturing in the world.2013,2008
8. How do secondary activities add value to natural resources? Explain with 3 egs.2012
9. Explain any 3 characteristics of 'footloose industry '. 2012
10. How are technological innovations an important aspect of modern manufacturing industries? Explain any 3 aspects in this regard. Hots,2011
11. Explain the concept of 'high technology industry'.State any 2 characteristics of this industry.2013, 2011
12. Classify industries of the world on the basis of ownership into 3 groups. State the main features of each group.2010,2008
13. Distinguish between small-scale and large-scale industries by stating three points of each.2009

 (5 mark questions)

1. Explain 5 factors that influence industrial location in the world.2015,2010
2. Define the term manufacturing. Explain any 4 factors of small scale manufacturing.2014
3. Define manufacturing. Classify manufacturing industries on the basis of size into 3 categories and explain the important characteristics of each type.2013

Chapter-6

Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

1. What are the tertiary activities? What is the main difference between secondary & tertiary activity?Pg-45
2. Explain the characteristics of a rural-Pg-47
3. A)marketing center
4. B)urban market centres
5. C)retail trading services 
6. What do you understand by trade? What are the trading centres? Trading centres may be divided into two types in terms of geographical location. RURAL AND URBAN 
7. Explain the importance of transport. What are the three ways in which transport distance can be measured? What are isochrone lines?Pg-48
8. What are the two factors that influence transport service? Explain each?Pg-48
9. What do you understand by mass media? Pg 49
10. Name the activity shown in the figure. Pg 49. Explain the nature of this activity. To which sector does it belong? Pg 49
11. What are the three types of tourism regions? PG 50
12. What is the importance of tourism? Explain with examples the four factors of tourist attractions in the world.
13. What are the factors that attract tourism? Pg. 50
14. What are gold collar professions? Distinguish between (A) KPO & BPO (B) outsourcing and off-shoring & home shoring? Pg 51
15. What is medical tourism? Which country emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world? Pg 51
16. What do you understand by digital divide? Why does it exist within the country? Pg 63

Chapter 7 

TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES

board questions

1-mark questions.

1. Give the meaning of the digital divide.2014 
2. Define the term ‘quaternary activities’.2014, 2009
3. Define the term ‘tertiary activities’.2013
4. Give any 2 examples of tertiary activities.2012
5. Give the meaning of retail trading services.2013, 2011
6. Give any 2 examples of quaternary activities.2012, 2013
7. Define the term ‘tourism’2012

3mark questions

1. Explain any 3 characteristics of quaternary activities.2011
2. Explain any 3 characteristics of periodic markets of rural areas in the world.2010
3. What are the 2 factors affecting tourism in the world? 2010
4. Outsourcing has resulted in opening up a large number of job opportunities in several countries. Analyse the statement with 3 suitable examples.2009
5.  How does the climate of a region attract tourists? Explain with examples from different regions of the world.2009
6. Compare the features of rural and urban marketing centres of the world in three points.2008 

5mark questions

1. Explain the importance of transport. What are the three ways to measure transport distance? What are isochrones (lines)?  1+3+1=5
2. What is tourism? Analyse any 4 tourist attractions in the world.2016 
3. What is medical tourism? Explain the scope of medical services for overseas patients in India.2015
4. ’Services are a very important aspect of the economic development of a country’. Analyse the statement by explaining the 5 components of a service sector.2011
   

Chapter-8

Transport and Communication

1. Which continent has the highest road density as well as the highest number of vehicles? What can be the various urban transport solutions? 1+4=5
2. Name the transcontinental railway line shown in the above map.
3. How has this railway line helped in the economic development? Explain two points. 1+2=3
4. What are the advantages of water transport? (P71). 1+2=3
5.  Explain the development in modern passenger liners that have revolutionised sea transport.
6. What are the principal modes of world transport? Pg 65
7. What are the three factors that influence choice of mode of transport?
8. State two inventions that revolutionised transport.
9. Name two great freight carriers? Pg Pg 66
10. What are the newer developments in transport? Pg 66
11. Name the two countries where human labour is still least? Pg 66
12. What are the problems confronting metal roads? What can be effective solutions for this problem? Pg 67
13. Which continent has the highest road density _ highest no. of vehicles? Pg67
14. Give four urban satellites. Pg 67
15. What are the four types of railway gauges? What is the advantage of railways? What are commuter trains? Pg 68
16. Name the highways of Canada, America, Australia and their ends. Pg 68
17. 
    
18. Describe any four features of highways in North America. Pg 68
19. Define the term transport. Pg 68
20. Which continent has the most dense network of railways in the world? Pg 69
21. Name 2 countries where underground railways are important 
22. Name the railway line shown in the figure. Pg 70
23. Name the station marked A& B. Pg 70
24. What is the economic significance of the same? Pg 70
25. Name the two water bodies it connects? Pg 70
26. Name the longest railway line of the world and name its two end points. Pg 70
27. What are the advantages of water transport? Pg 71
28. How have modern passenger liners revolutionised the transport system (marine)? Pg 72
29. Name the most important sea route of the world; explain its importance. g 7
30. Explain the big trunk route? (P73)
31. What is the importance of Suez Canal / Panama Canal / coastal shipping? (P74)
32. What are the various types of inland waterway? (P75)
33. What are the things transported by inland waterway? (P75)
34. Why have inland waterways lost their relative importance? (P75)
35. How can we increase the Navigability of a river? (P76)
36. Which is the most heavily used waterway in the world? (P76)
37. What are the advantages of air transport? (P77)
38. What are the various types of goods transported by pipelines? (P77)
39. What was the first major breakthrough in the field of communication? (P78)
40. What do you understand by cyberspace? (P79)
41. Name the countries that have pioneered space research? (P79)
42. What are the factors that influence inland water navigation? (P75)  

CHAPTER 8

1 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Which country of the world has the highest road density?         All India 2017
2. Why is Asia the least developed in rail facilities? Explain any one. All India 2017 
3. Define the term ’transport network’?      Delhi 201
4. In which country are motorways called ‘autobahns’?       All India 2018
5. Mention the busiest ocean route in the world.       Delhi 2015
6. Name the seaports on each end of the Suez Canal?    Delhi 2014
7. Define the term road density?   Delhi 2014
8. What is the meaning of cyberspace?      All India 2014
9. Name the most important inland waterways of Germany      All India 2
10. Name the terminal stations of the ‘Australian transcontinental railway '?    Delhi 2013, 2009
11. Which highway connects North America to South America?   All India 2012
12. Name the navigational canal that serves as a gateway of commerce for both the continents of Asia and Europe?     Delhi 2011
13. Give the significance of the St. Lawrence River as an inland waterway?     Delhi 2011
14. Name the terminal stations of the Orient Express railway?      All India 2011
15. Name the terminal stations of the Australian transcontinental railway?     Delhi 2009
16. Name the terminal stations of the longest railway route in the world       All India 2009
17. Which is the famous petroleum pipeline in use?         All India 2009

3 MARK QUESTIONS

1.  Describe any three advantages of water transport in the world?     Delhi 2013 
2. Explain any three points of economic significance of ‘trans-Siberian railway ’. Delhi 2013
3. What is cyberspace? Describe any 2 advantages of the internet.      Delhi 2013
4. Why is the Rhine the world's most heavily used waterway? Explain any 3 reasons     Delhi 2013
5. Mention the famous oil pipeline of the USA. How are pipelines one of the most convenient modes of transport?      Delhi 2011

5 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Classify means of communication based on scale and quality into 2 categories. Explain any 2 characteristics of each category.   HOTS all India 2017
2. ’ The Suez and the Panama Canal are two vital man-made navigational canals that serve as the gateways of commerce for both the eastern and western worlds’. In the light of the statement, explain the economic significance of the 2 canals.         HOTS; Delhi 2015
3. Trans-Canadian railway line is considered the economic artery of Canada. Support the statement with suitable examples. HOTS; ALL INDIA 2016’
4. The Rhine waterway is the world's most heavily islanded waterway. In the light of this statement, examine the significance of the waterway.     HOTS; ALL INDIA 2015
5. Explain the importance of ‘communication services' in the world. All India 2016
6. Which means of transport is extensively used for carrying water, petroleum, natural gas, and other liquids? Describe the network of this means of transport in the world      Delhi 2015
7. Describe the journey of the developments of land transport from the days of humans as carriers and the cableways of today    HOTS; DELHI 2015
8. Name the longest trans-continental railway in the world. Describe its 4 features.       Delhi 2015
9. Which shipping canal links the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean? Explain its 4 characteristics.    All India 2015
10. Explain any 5 characteristics of rail transport in Europe. All India 2012
11. Which is the longest transcontinental railway of North America? Describe its 4 features. All India 2015
12. State any 3 characteristics of water transport. Why is traffic far less on the Cape of Good Hope route?     Delhi 2012
13. Which continent has the highest road density? Why do traffic congestions occur on roads? Explain any 3 measures to solve the problem of traffic congestion      Delhi 2013
14. Explain the merits and demerits of road transport in the world?       All India 2012
15. Explain the significance of each of the transport communication services available in the world. Delhi 2010
16. Name the principal mode of transportation in the world which is used for carrying liquids and gaseous materials only. Mention any 4 characteristics of this mode of transportation.      Delhi Board 2010
17. What is the significance of inland waterways? Explain the three factors responsible for the development of inland waterways in the world.   All India 2010
18. What are highways? Explain the significance of highways with examples from different countries. All India 2009
19. What is the importance of roads? Explain three reasons for the existence of good quality roads in developed countries.   All India 2009
20. Write any 6 features of the Suez Canal. Delhi 2009
21. Mention any 6 advantages of oceanic routes.   Delhi 2009
22. Which is the busiest sea route in the world? Describe its 4 characteristics.      Delhi 2008
23. Define the term ’transcontinental railways’. Write 4 characteristics each of trans-Siberian railways and trans-Canadian railways.  Delhi 2008
24. Define the term ‘transport’. Describe any 4 features of the highways of North America.    Delhi 2008.

Chapter-9

 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

1. What do you understand by the barter system? Why were rare objects used as a medium of exchange? PG81
2. What was the initial form of trade in primitive society /
3. What were the various rare objects used before paper currencies and coins? Why were they used? PG82
4. What do you understand by the term solarium? PG82
5. What are the five bases of international trade? How do differences in national resources lead to trade? Give 3 points.PAGE 83
6. How does population as a factor influence foreign trade? Give 2 points. Pg 83
7. What do you understand by balance of trade? When is it considered favourable OR unfavorable? Pg 85
8. What are the two types of international trade? Pg 85
9. What do you understand by most favoured nations? Pg 85
10. What do you understand by MFN?
11. What do you understand by dumped goods? What is the impact of dumping on domestic producers? Pg 86
12. What are the various facilities provided by a port? How can the importance of a port be judged? Pg 88
13. How can international trade prove to be detrimental to tations?
14. What is a port? What are the various facilities provided by ports? Pg 88
15. What are the benefits of international trade? Pg 88
16. How are ports classified in terms of traffic handled / location/specialized functions? Pg 89
17. Why has the North Atlantic Sea Route become the busiest route in the world? Give three reasons   3 x 1 = 3
18. Why are seaports considered the gateway of international trade? Explain any four types of ports 1+2=.
19. State the 2 functions of the World Trade Organisation? (WTO) delhi 2013.16 
20. How is the ‘ barter system' practised around various tribal communities in the world? delhi 2016 
21. Assess the positive aspect of ‘ trade liberalisation ‘? hots, all India 2016 
22. How is a favourable balance of trade an indicator of economic development of a country? All India 2016 
23. What are naval ports? Give one example. All India 2013
24. Name the type of most of the great ports in the world? aAll India2010 |Comprehensive 
25. Categorise the international trade into 2 types. All India 2010 (bilateral and multilateral )
26. What are the initial forms of trade in the primitive society? All India 2009 barter system 
27. Name the international organisation dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. All India 2008 
28. 3 marks questions 
29. Explain with example how ‘ stage of economic development’ and ‘ foreign investment’ become the basis of international trade. delhi 2013 
30. What is free trade? Give 2 advantages of free trade. All India 2013 
31. Why are ports called ‘gateway of international trade '? Explain any 3 reasons. All India 2013 
32. Classify ports of the world into two types on the basis of their location. Explain any 2 features of each type of port. delhi 2010
33. How is the difference in natural resources a basis of international trade? Explain with 3 examples. aAll India2010 . Delhi 2009 5 marks question 
34. ‘ In modern times, international trade is the basis of the world economy '. Support the statement with an example. hots, all india 2017 
35. Difference between bilateral trade and multilateral trade. Explain how ports are helpful in trade. delhi 2014 
36. Why are ports known as ‘ gateway of international trade’? Explain any 3 characteristics of inland ports. All India 2014 
37. Explain any two functions of the WTO? Why has the organisation been criticised? Explain the role of the World Trade Organisation. delhi 2014 
38. Explain the 2 types of international trade. Examine any 3 possible negative impacts of globalisation along with free 5trade in the world. delhi 2013 
39. Explain any 5 bases of international trade. delhi 2012, 2008, all india 2012 
40. Why are ports called the gateway of international trade? Explain any 3 facilities provided by them. All India 2008