Chapter- 1
Geography
as a discipline
1.1.
What is geography? Why should we
study geography? Give two reasons Pg.-2 1+2=3
1.2.
Who coined the term geography? Give
its two root words. 1+1+1=3
1.3.
“Geography as a discipline is
concerned with three sets of questions”.
Explain. Pg.-3 1+1+1=3
1.4.
Explain the difference between
history and geography? Why is the world called
a global village? Pg. -4 1+2=3
1.5.
Explain the two approaches to studying geography? Name one person associated
with each approach? Pg.- 7 2+1=3
1.6.
What do you understand about dualism in geography? Pg.-7
Chapter-2
Origin
and Evolution of earth
2.1
Who gave the nebular Hypothesis? Pg.-15
2.2
What is the other name of the Big bang theory? Pg.-15
2.3
What are the three stages of the development of the universe according to the Big bang
theory? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3
2.4
What are the three stages of the development of planets? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3
2.5
Explain the evolution of the earth?
2.6
What are the three stages of
Evolution of the present
atmosphere? 1+1+1=3
2.7
Define the following
●
Galaxy
●
Nebula
●
Light year
●
Planetesimals
●
Degassing
●
Solar winds
●
Differentiation
Chapter3
Interior
of the Earth
3.1
Define the following: -
a.
Focus.
b.
Tsunami
c.
Asthenosphere
d.
Magma
e.
Epicenter.
3.2
What are the three indirect sources about the interior of the earth? Explain. 1+1+1=3
3.3
What is an earthquake? 1+1+1=3
3.4
Write a short note on the shadow zone. 3 x 1 = 3
3.5
Distinguish between body waves and
surface waves. 1+1+1=3
3.6
Differentiate between Primary waves
and secondary waves? 1+1+1=3
3.7
Explain the five types of Volcanoes. 5x1=5
3.8
Explain the five types of
earthquakes. 5x1=5
3.9
Explain the two scales to measure earthquakes. 5x1=5
3.10
Explain the structure of the earth? 5x1=5
3.11
Explain the five intrusive forms of
volcanic landforms. 5x1=5
3.12
Explain the five types of Volcanoes. 5x1=5
Chapter-4
Distribution of Oceans and Continents
4.1
What is a rock? Explain the three
major classes of rocks. 1+3=4
4.2
Define the following: Pg 30 1+1=2
a.
Pangaea
b.
Panthalassa
4.3
Who proposed the theory of
continental drift? Explain four pieces of
evidence is that support
this theory.Pg 30 1+4=5
4.4
What were the two forces suggested
by Wegener that forced the drifting of the continents? Pg31 1x2=2
4.5
Explain the concept of seafloor spreading. Pg 33 1x2=2
4.6
Give arguments in favor of seafloor spreading. Pg 33
4.7
What is the rim of fire? Why is it
called so? Give reasons for the same. Pg 32
4.8
Explain the three major ocean floor
configurations. Pg32
4.9
Who gave the theory of plate
tectonics? Pg 34
4.10
What are the two main sources of
heat within the earth?1/2 +1/2=1 Pg 36
4.11 Name the plate which has maximum/minimum rate of plate movement. Pg 36
4.12
What are the 2 types of plates? Give
two examples of each. 2+1=3 Pg 35
Chapter-5
Geomorphic Processes
5.1
Distinguish between Exogenic and
Endogenic forces. Pg 45
5.2
What is gradation? Explain its two
components? pg 45
5.3
What are the four main factors for
endogenic processes? pg 46
5.4
What do you understand about diastrophism? explain its four
types?pg46
5.5
what are geomorphic agents
explain?pg46
5.6
Explain the Importance of gravity
and gradient in framing relief features?pg46
5.7
What is the main source of energy
for an Exogenic forces?pg47
5.8
What is denudation? what are the
processes concerned under denudation?pg47
5.9 What do you understand by weathering?pg48
5.10 Explain 4 chemical weathering
processes?pg48
5.11 What are the 4 types of
weathering?pg49
5.12 What are the 4 factors that influence physical weathering? pg 49
5.13 What six factors precede mass movement? Pg2
5.14 What are the five types of landslides? Explain. Pg53
5.15 What are the agents of degradation?
5.16 What is soil? Explain the process of
soil formation? Pg55
5.17 What are the five factors that influence soil formation?g55
Chapter-7
Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
7.1 Why does the height of the troposphere vary from equator to the poles? Pg77
7.2
Explain in brief the importance of
the following: -
a.
Troposphere
b. Stratosphere
c. Ionosphere
7.3
Discuss the composition of the atmosphere and the importance of
oxygen, and carbon dioxide. 5
x 1 = 5
7.4
What are the elements of weather and
climate? 1/2X6=3
7.5 Explain the role of ozone in the atmosphere.
Chapter 8
Solar
Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
9.1
DEFINE-
i. Isolation
ii. Aphelion
iii. Perihelion
iv. Isolation
v. Terrestrial radiation
8.2
The atmosphere is mainly heated by
the………………….
8.3
What are the four factors that
affect isolation? 1x4=4
9.2
Name the three ways in which earth
gets heated? Explain each in detail. 1+3=4
9.3
Why does the sky appear red or blue?
Why do subtropical deserts
have maximum heat? What is the major cause for the heating of the earth?
1+1+1=3
9.4
What are the five factors that
influence the temperature of air?
5x1=5
9.5
What are the factors that control temperature distribution
on the surface of the earth?
9.6
Distinguish between isolation and
terrestrial radiation. 1+1+1=3
9.7
What are the four factors that
affect insulation? 1x4=4
9.8
What is precipitation? Explain four
forms of precipitation. 1+4=5
9.9
Discuss the processes through which
the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.
9.10
Explain the albedo of the earth.
9.11
What is the main cause of the heating of the atmosphere? Why?
9.12
Name a gas that traps heat?
9.13
Explain heat budget.
9.14
What is the heat balance or heat
budget of the earth?
9.15
What are isotherms?
9.16
Explain air drainage?
9.17
What do you understand about the normal lapse rate?
9.18
What do you understand by ….. of
temperature? Pg87
WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Chapter-10
10.1
Define:-
●
Absolute humidity,
●
Relative humidity,
●
Saturated air,
●
Dew point,
●
Evaporation,
●
Latent heat of temp,
●
Condensation,
●
Sublimation,
●
Humidity,
●
Hygroscopic nuclei (pg 98)
10.2
What are the factors that affect
condensation? (pg 99)
10.3
What are the 4 types of
condensation? (pg 99)
10.4
What are the 4 types of clouds? (pg99)
10.5
Name the three types of
precipitation. Explain each in detail.
10.6
What are forms of condensation?
Describe the process of dew and frost formation
10.7
Explain relative humidity? How is it
different from absolute humidity? 1+2=3
10.8
Explain the world distribution of rainfall?
10.9 What are the three type’s rainfalls? Explain in detail.
Chapter- 12
(WATER- Oceans )
Page no 99
12.1
Why is the earth called a blue planet?
12.2
Explain the hydrological cycle.
12.3
Name four major divisions of the ocean floor. explain each
division in detail
12.4
Name the four major oceans
12.5
---------- percentage of land is covered with water
12.6
Why do continental shelves have large deposits of petroleum
12.7
Explain five major divisions of the seafloor give examples
12.8
What are the four factors that affect the temperature of water
explain each in detail
12.9
Explain the temperature structure of ocean waters over the middle
and lower latitudes
12.10
Explain the term thermocline
12.11
What are the factors that affect ocean salinity
12.12
What is salinity
12.13
What is the average temperature of the surface water
Movement
of ocean Water
A. wave crest
B. wave height
C. wave amplitude
D. wave period
E. wave length
F. wave speed
G. wave frequency
13.1
What are tides? What are the two force responses for tides? Explain (pg 121)
13.2
What are waves? Name and explain the
two forces that influence
wave motion? (pg 120)
13.3
What is tidal current? (pg 121)
13.4
Distinguish between neap tide and
spring tide? (pg 122)
13.5
Where is the highest tide recorded?
(Pg 122)
13.6
What are different types of tides
based on frequency? (pg 122)
13.7
Explain points regarding the importance of tide? (pg 122)
13.8
What are the 3 uses of tides? (pg
123)
13.9
What are the two types of features
that influence ocean current? (pg 123)
13.10
Explain the 4 primary sources that
influence current? (pg 123)
13.11
What is the difference between drift
and current? (pg 123)
13.12
What are the two types of ocean
current on the basis of depth, temperature? (pg 123)
13.13
What are the effects of ocean currents? (pg 124)
Distribution of oceans and continents
Political Map of all Continents of the world.
Major Oceans of the world: Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean
Major lithospheric plates and Minor lithospheric plates, Ring of fire (Pacific Ocean), Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Atmospheric Circulations and Weather Systems
Major Hot Deserts of the world:
Mojave Desert- Nevada, US
Patagonian Desert- Argentina
Sahara- Africa
Gobi Desert- Mongolia, Asia
Thar desert- India
Great Victoria desert- Australia
Water (Oceans)
Major Seas
Black sea
Baltic sea
Caspian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
North Sea
Red sea
Bay of Fundy (Canada)-Famous for the highest tides in the world
Movements of Ocean Water
OCEAN CURRENTS-Cold currents
Humboldt c.
California c.
Falkland c.
Canaries c.
West Australian c.
Oyashio c.
Labrador c.
Warm currents
Alaska c.
Brazilian c.
Aughlas c.
Kuroshio c.
Gulf stream c.
Biodiversity and Conservation
Ecological hotspots
Eastern Himalaya, India
Western ghats, India
Indonesia, Asia
Eastern Madagascar, Africa
Upper Guinean forests, Africa
Atlantic forest, Brazil
Tropical Andes
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