Fundamentals of Physical Geography Class XI Question Bank

GEOGRAPHY

Class XI 

Chapter1

Geography as a discipline

1. What is geography? Why should we study geography? Give two reasons Pg.-2 1+2=3  

2. Who coined the term geography? Give its two root words. 1+1+1=3  ans. Eratosthenes 

3. “Geography as a discipline is concerned with three sets of questions”. Explain. Pg.-3             1+1+1=3  

4. Explain the difference between history and geography? Why is the world called a global village? Pg. -4 1+2=3

5. Explain the two approaches to studying geography? Name one person associated with each approach? Pg.- 7   2+1=3  

6. What do you understand about dualism in geography? Pg.-

   
   

Chapter-2

Origin and Evolution of earth

1. Who gave the nebular Hypothesis? Pg.-13 Emmanuel kant

2. What is the other name of the Big bang theory? Pg.-13 Expanding Universe Hypothesis 

3. What are the three stages of the development of the universe according to the Big bang theory? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3 

4. What are the three stages of the development of planets? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3 

5. Explain the evolution of the earth?

6. What are the three stages of Evolution of the present atmosphere? 1+1+1=3 
   

7. Define the following

• Galaxy  

• Nebula  

• Light year  

• Planetesimals 

• Degassing 

• Solar winds

• Differentiation  

• 
  
  

Chapter3

Interior of the Earth

1. Define the following: - 

1. Focus. 

2. Tsunami  

3. Asthenosphere  

4. Magma  

5. Epicenter. 

2. What are the three indirect sources about the interior of the earth? Explain. 1+1+1=3  

3. What is an earthquake? 1+1+1=3  

4. Write a short note on the shadow zone. 3 x 1 = 3

5. 
   
   

6. Distinguish between body waves and surface waves. 1+1+1=3  

7. Differentiate between Primary waves and secondary waves? 1+1+1=3  

8. Explain the five types of Volcanoes. 5x1=5  

9. 
   
   

10. Explain the five types of earthquakes. 5x1=5  

11. Explain the structure of the earth?  5x1=5  

12. 
    
    

13. Explain the five intrusive forms of volcanic landforms. 5x1=5  

14. 
    
    

Chapter-4
DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

1. Define the following: Pg 271+1=2 

1. Pangaea

2. Hotspots 

   
   

3. Panthalassa

2. Who proposed the theory of continental drift? Explain four pieces of evidence is that support this theory.Pg 27   1+4=5

3. 
   
   

4. What were the two forces suggested by Wegener that forced the drifting of the continents? Pg27 1x2=2

5. Explain the concept of seafloor spreading. 1x2=2

6. Give arguments in favor of seafloor spreading. 

7. What is the rim of fire? Why is it called so? Give reasons for the same. 

8. Explain the three major ocean floor configurations. 

9. Who gave the theory of plate tectonics? 

10. What are the two main sources of heat within the earth?1/2 +1/2=1 

11. Name the plate which has maximum/minimum rate of plate movement. 

12. What are the 2 types of plates? Give two examples of each.    2+1=3 

Chapter-5

Geomorphic processes 

1. Distinguish between Exogenic and Endogenic forces. Pg 45

2. What is gradation? Explain its two components? pg 45

3. What are the four main factors for endogenic processes? pg 46

4. What do you understand about diastrophism? explain its four types?pg46

5. What are geomorphic agents explain?pg46

6. Explain the Importance of gravity and gradient in framing relief features?pg46

7. What is the main source of energy for an Exogenic forces?pg47

8. What is denudation? what are the processes concerned under denudation?pg47

9. What are the three major groups of weathering?explain.pg48

10. What do you understand by weathering?pg48

11. Explain 4 chemical weathering processes?pg48

12. What are the 4 types of weathering?pg49

13. What are the 4 factors that influence physical weathering? pg 49

14. Differentiate between tors domes and exfoliated tors?pg50

15. Explain biological factors that influence weathering?pg51

16. What do you understand by the word enrichment? How does it make a rock more viable for exploration? Pg51

17. What six factors precede mass movement? Pg52

18. What is soil creep? What are the four factors? Pg52

19. What are the three types of rapid mass movement? Pg53

20. What are the five types of landslides? Explain. Pg53

21. What are the agents of degradation? Pg54

22. Name the three degradational processes? Pg54

23. What is soil? Explain the process of soil formation? Pg45

24. What are the five factors that influence soil formation?

           

Chapter-7

Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

1. Describe the composition of the atmosphere? Explain the role carbon dioxide and ozone in atmosphere.1+1+1=3 

2. Explain in brief the importance of the following: -  

1. Troposphere  

2. Stratosphere  

3. Ionosphere  

3. Discuss the composition of the atmosphere and the importance of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. 5 x 1 = 5  

4. What are the elements of weather and climate? 1/2X6=3  

5. Discuss the composition of atmosphere and the importance of oxygen, nitrogen, and Carbon dioxide.5 x 1 = 5

6. Explain Structure of atmosphere

Chapter8

Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

1. DEFINE-

1. Isolation  

2. Aphelion  

3. Perihelion

4.   Isolation

5. Terrestrial radiation  

2. The atmosphere is mainly heated by the………………….

3. What are the four factors that affect isolation? 1x4=4

4. 
   
   
   
   
   
   

5. Name the three ways in which earth gets heated? Explain each in detail. 1+3=4  

6. Why does the sky appear red or blue? Why do subtropical deserts have maximum heat? What is the major cause for the heating of the earth?                                            1+1+1=3  

7. What are the five factors that influence the temperature of air?                                                                 5x1=5

8. Distinguish between isolation and terrestrial radiation. 1+1+1=3  

9. What are the four factors that affect insulation? 1x4=4             

10. What is precipitation? Explain four forms of precipitation. 1+4=5 

11. Discuss the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.

12. Explain the albedo of the earth.

13. What is the main cause of the heating of the atmosphere? Why?

14. Name a gas that traps heat? Co2

15. Explain heat budget.

16. What is the heat balance or heat budget of the earth?

17. What are isotherms?

18. Explain air drainage?

19. What do you understand about the normal lapse rate?

20. What do you understand by inversion of temperature? Pg87

    
    
    
    
    
    

Chapter 9

Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems

1. DEFINE-

• Barometer  

• Isobars  

• Coriolis force  

2.  Pressure gradient The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone normally occurs near the ……………….

3. ……………… is responsible for transforming liquid into vapor.

4. The air that contains moisture to its full capacity is called………………

5. ……………….. is the highest cloud in the sky. 

6.  Why is the pressure measured at station level reduced to the sea level in preparation of weather maps?

7. While the pressure gradient force is from north to south, i.e. from the subtropical high pressure to the equator in the northern hemisphere, why are the winds north easterlies in the tropics?

8. What is Atmospheric pressure? Give its unit. Name the instrument used to measure air pressure.

9. What are the three forces that influence the movements of winds near the earth's surface? Explain each in detail? 1+3=4 

10. What are geostrophic winds? 3x1=3

11.  Why does tropical cyclone originate over the seas? In which part of the tropical cyclone do torrential rains and high-velocity winds blow and why?

12. Distinguish between the land breeze and sea breeze. 1+1+1=3

13. What are the five factors that influence winds?  

14. What is precipitation? Explain four forms of precipitation .1+4=5  

15. Explain relative humidity?

16. What are the factors that affect condensation? 1x4=4 

17. What are the two types of pressure systems?

18. Where is the frictional force maximum and where is it minimum?

19. What do you understand about the Coriolis force?

20. What are the three forces affecting the velocity and the direction of the wind?

21. Why are tropical cyclones not formed near the equatorial region?

22. What are the conditions for the formation and intensification of tropical storms?

Chapter-10

Water in the atmosphere

1. Define:-

• Absolute humidity, 

• Relative humidity, 

• Saturated air, 

• Dew point,

• Evaporation, 

• Latent heat of temp, 

• Condensation, 

• Sublimation, 

• Humidity, 

• Hygroscopic nuclei (pg 98)

2. What are the factors that affect condensation? (pg 99)

3. What are the 4 types of condensation? (pg 99)

4. What are the 4 types of clouds? (pg99)

5. Name the three types of precipitation. Explain each in detail.

6. What are forms of condensation? Describe the process of dew and frost formation

7. Explain relative humidity? How is it different from absolute humidity? 1+2=3

8. Explain the world distribution of rainfall?

9. What are the three type’s rainfalls? Explain in detail.

Chapter- 12 

(WATER)

Page no 99

1. Why is the earth called a blue planet?

2. Explain the hydrological cycle.

3. Name four major divisions of the ocean floor. explain each division in detail 

4. Name the four major oceans 

5. ---------- percentage of land is covered with water 

6. Why do continental shelves have large deposits of petroleum 

7. Explain the five major divisions of the seafloor. give examples 

8. Explain the five minor divisions of the seafloor. give examples
   

9. What are the four factors that affect the temperature of water explain each in detail 

10. Explain the temperature structure of ocean waters over the middle and lower latitudes 

11. Explain the term thermocline 

12. What are the factors that affect ocean salinity 

13. What is salinity 

14. What is the average temperature of the surface water

Chapter-13

Movement of ocean Water

Define the following 

• wave crest 
• wave height
• wave amplitude
• wave period
• wave length
• wave speed 
• wave frequency

1. What are tides? What are the two force responses for tides? Explain (pg 121) 

2. What are waves? Name and explain the two forces that influence wave motion? (pg 120)

3. What is tidal current? (pg 121)

4. Distinguish between neap tide and spring tide? (pg 122)

5. Where is the highest tide recorded? (Pg 122)

6. What are different types of tides based on frequency? (pg 122)

7. Explain points regarding the importance of tide? (pg 122)

8. What are the 3 uses of tides? (pg 123)

9. What are the two types of features that influence ocean current? (pg 123)

10. Explain the 4 primary sources that influence current? (pg 123)

11. What is the difference between drift and current? (pg 123)

12. What are the two types of ocean current on the basis of depth, temperature? (pg 123)

13. What are the effects of ocean currents? (pg 124)

14.