Chapter 3
Water resource
- Distinguish between- surface and groundwater resources? P-21
What are the three sources of fresh water? P-21 precipitation, surface run off and groundwater.
Is it possible that an area or region may have ample water resources but is still facing water scarcity?
Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water, and unequal access to it.
Define the term- Multi-Purpose River Valley Projects. State any five objectives of multipurpose projects. P-21
- irrigation
- electricity generation,
- water supply for domestic and industrial uses,
- flood control,
- recreation,
- inland navigation and
- fish breeding.
Name any four hydraulic structures of ancient India. P-21
• In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allahabad had sophisticated water harvesting system channelling the flood water of the river Ganga.
• During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
• Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also been found in Kalinga, (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra), etc
• In the 14th Century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort area.
In the 11th Century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.
What are dams and how do they help us in conserving and managing water? P-22
Based on the structure and the materials used, dams are classified as P-22
According to the height, dams can be categorised as P-22
----------------- proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’. P-22
In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition for various reasons. Discuss. P-22
Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements. Discuss P-23or
Write a short note on Narmada Bachao Andolan & Tehri Dam Andolan. P-23
The making of dams has an impact on the social landscape. Discuss. P-
What are the problems confronting multipurpose projects? P-25
What is rainwater harvesting? Explain water harvesting/management in ancient India by giving four examples. P-25- 26
- Name a remote village in south India that stands, as an example of rainwater harvesting in India. P
- Write a short note on the following 2
- Watershed development.
- Rain water harvesting.