Human Development important tables

 

Question	Growth	Development
What is the difference between growth and development?	growth is quantitative and value-neutral	qualitative change which is always value positive
	Value-neutral-  It may have a positive or a negative sign	value positive- positive
Question what is ……..	growth without development and  growth with development.	Development occurs when positive growth takes place
	growth without development if facilities like housing, provision of basic services, and other characteristics remain the same, then this growth has not been accompanied by development.

The works of two South Asian economists, 

1. Mahbub-ul-Haq and 

2. Amartya Sen are important in this regard.Nobel Laureate Prof Amartya Sen saw an increase in freedom 

Therefore, 

1. access to resources, 

2. health and 

3. Education

Key areas in human development.	Access to resources	Health	Education
	is measured in terms of purchasing power (in U.S. dollars)	the life expectancy at birth	The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represents access to knowledge.

 are the key areas in human development. 

THE FOUR PILLARS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT	sustainability,	equity,	empowerment,	productivity
	means continuity in the availability of opportunities.	Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody	means having the power to make choices	here means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work.

What are the Approaches to Human Development	Income Approach	Welfare Approach	Basic Needs Approach	Capability Approach
	This is one of the oldest approaches to human development.	this approach looks at human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all development activities.	This approach was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Six basic needs i.e.:  health, education,  food,  water supply, sanitation, and housing	This approach is associated with Prof. Amartya Sen