SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY

        

Chapter 2: Sectors of the Indian Economy

1. How can the Indian economy be classified 

• Ownership (Private Public and Joint)
• Nature of organisation (Organised /Unorganised)
• Types of economic activities (primary, secondary & tertiary)

1. Define the term

• NSSO (national sample survey organization) It is the organization under the ministry of statistics of the government.It surveys the employment and unemployment of the workers.
• NSO National Statistical Office 
• Why do you think MGNREGA 2005 is referred to as ‘Right to work’?
• MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act or MGNREGA in 2009, is an Indian labour law that aims to guarantee the 'right to work'.
• TISCO tata iron and steel company limited
• RIL reliance industries limited
• Define the following in detail 
• Primary sector
• Secondary sector
• Tertiary sector/service sector

1. What is GDP? How is it calculated?

1.  The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.

2. Why are only ‘final goods and services’ counted?

1.  In contrast to final goods, goods such as wheat and the wheat flour in this example are intermediate goods. Intermediate goods are used up in producing final goods and services. The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods that are used in making the final good.

3. Explain the historical change in the proportion of workers in the three sectors of the economy.  Or What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?

1. At initial stages of development, primary sector was the most important sector of economic activity

2. The secondary sector gradually became the most important in total production and employment.

3. In the past 100 years, there has been a further shift from secondary to tertiary sector in developed countries. The service sector has become the most important in terms of total production. Most of the working people are also employed in the service sector.

4. Why is the tertiary sector becoming so important in India? Or

1. First, in any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required. These can be considered as basic services. 

2. Second, the development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors, more would be the demand for such services. 

3. Third, as income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc.  

4. Fourth, over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential.  

5. Name the sector which is the largest employing sector. (Primary sector)
6. Name the sector which has the most significant proportion of incoming GDP. (Tertiary sector)
7. Why would you consider Kerala a more developed state than Haryana inspite a lower per capita income?(high literacy rate)
8. What do you understand by the term Underemployment
9. What do you understand by the term Disguised unemployment
10. What do you understand by the term Casual worker
11. How can more employment be created in rural areas? (5marks)
12. Explain the characteristics of the organised sector
13. Explain the characteristics of the Unorganised sector
14. Who are the vulnerable people who need protection in the Rural areas
15. Who are the vulnerable people who need protection in the Urban areasWhy is government intervention needed in various sectors?
16. In what respects is the criteria used by the UNDP for measuring development different from one used by the World Bank?
17. How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?
18.  Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
19. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
21. Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation
22. Explain any three ways to solve the problem of underemployment?or How can more employment be created in rural areas? (5marks)

Federalism :- Chapter 2

Q1 ) What is federalism? 

Q2 ) What are the key features of federalism? Pg15(5 marker ) 

Q3) The exact balance of power between the centre and the state government varies from one federation to another . Discuss.

Or

Distinguish between coming together and holding together federation.

Q4) What makes India a federal country? Discuss.(5 marker ) 

Q5) The Constitution clearly provided a three fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.Discuss 

Or

What are the 3 lists in which the power of the central and the state government are divided? Explain each list in detail. Pg16  (4,marks)

Q6) What do you understand about the residuary subject ? Pg 17

Q7) How is federalism practised in India ? Pg19

Q8) The creation of ______ was the first major test for the democratic politics in the country. Ans ( Linguistic states)

Q9) Besides in the ____  other languages are recognised as scheduled languages . Ans (21)

Q10) How did the coalition government strengthen the role of regional parties ?

Q11) What do you understand about local self government? Pg 24

Q12) What do you understand about decentralisation? Pg 24

Q13)What were the major steps taken for decentralisation in 1992?

Pg 24 ( 5 marker )

Q14) What do you understand about panchayati raj ? Who is the head of the panchayati raj? 

Q15) What are the 3 levels of local self government? Pg 25

Q16) Who is a mayor ?

Practical Work in Geography class 12 Question Bank and related videos

XII

GEO PRACTICALS 

QUESTION BANK

1. What is data /datum/information? Pg1

2. What are the two sources of data?P-2-1

3. What is personal observation? What does personal observation include?P-2

4. What are the various precautions that should be taken care of while conducting an interview? Pg3

5. What is the difference between a questionnaire and a schedule? Pg4

6. What are the basic characteristics of a questionnaire? Pg4

7. What is a transducer? –pg4

8. How can the quality of water and soil be judged? –p4

9. Name the organization responsible for publishing the senses of India. –p5

10. Name one government publication? –p4

11. Give five examples of published sources of secondary data. –p5

12. Name the organization concerned with quasi-governmental records.-p5

13. What is a statistical table? What two purposes does it serve?-p6

14. What are the three ways in which data is presented in tabular form? Explain each with an example.-p6

15. What do you understand by class interval?-p8

16. What are the factors that influence the grouping of data?-p8

17. What is a frequency polygon?

18. What do you understand by the term central tendency? What are the three ways it can be measured?-p13

19.  What are the different types of modes? P-20-2

20. What do you understand by the term dispersion? What are the five measures of measuring dispersion?-p22, 23

21. What is the standard deviation?-p24

22. What do you understand by the term rank correlation?-p26

23. What are the three types of degrees of correlation? P-27

24. Explain two spatial analysis operations in detail? - 2 P 96

25. What are the three types of matching of geographic data? Explain in detail. -3 

26. What are the four types of errors that arise during capturing of special data attributes? Explain each in detail? - 4 

27. What are the two sources of acquiring spatial data input? - 4

28. What are the four main stages of manual input of data to G.I.S? pg 92 – 4 

29. What are the five sequences of activities involved in G.I.S. related work? –5 pg9

30. Make a comparison between raster and vector data. –5 pg88

31. What are the four uses of raster data/vector data? –4 pg90

32. What are the four components of G.I.S.? Pg88 –4

33. What is the three limitations of a map? P-87-3

34. What are the four advantages of G.I.S.? P-87-4

35. What do you understand by percentage rate? P-2

 

 

FOREST AND WILDLIFE

 

FOREST AND WILDLIFE

 

• What are the legal provisions of conservation of forest and wildlife act 1972? PAGE 14.

• Name the various species that have been given legal and partial protection by the government of India. PAGE 14.

• What are the 3 different types of forest in accordance to the forest department? Name the states where they exist. PAGE 15

• How have communities helped in conservation give three points in favour of your answer? PAGE 16

• Explain the following in brief 
• Chipko movement
• Beej Bachao Andolan and
• Navdanya." PAGE 16        

• Explain the importance of JMF. How does it help in the protection of the forest? PAGE16

I wonder if the mask falls

I wonder if the mask falls,

I wonder what would happen if it fails,

If the cover of secrecy falls apart,

If the cover of secrecy fails.

I live with brutus my lovely friend,

I live with brutus alas,

I wear a mask of ignorance,

Yet brutus finds me alas.

I can't hide from brutus,

I fail miserably every time,

I Will die in every age,

Brutus will stab me every time.

I Will die each and every time,

Brutus my friend will win,

Caesar needs hand of a traitor,

To reach the realms uphill.

मैं सोचता हूँ कि अगर मुखौटा गिर जाए,

मैं सोचता हूँ कि अगर यह असफल हो जाए,

गोपनीयता का आवरण अगर टूट जाए,

गोपनीयता का आवरण अगर असफल हो जाए।

मैं ब्रूटस के साथ रहता हूँ, मेरे प्यारे दोस्त,

मैं ब्रूटस के साथ रहता हूँ, अफसोस,

मैं अज्ञानता का मुखौटा पहनता हूँ,

फिर भी ब्रूटस मुझे ढूंढ लेता है, अफसोस।

मैं ब्रूटस से छुप नहीं सकता,

हर बार मैं बुरी तरह असफल होता हूँ,

हर युग में मैं मर जाऊंगा,

ब्रूटस मुझे हर बार चाकू मारेगा,

हर बार मैं मर जाऊंगा,

ब्रूटस मेरा दोस्त जीत जाएगा।

सीज़र को एक देशद्रोही के हाथ की जरूरत है,

ऊंचाई तक पहुंचने के लिए।

Fundamentals of Physical Geography Class XI Question Bank

GEOGRAPHY

Class XI 

Chapter1

Geography as a discipline

1. What is geography? Why should we study geography? Give two reasons Pg.-2 1+2=3           
   
   Ans.We live on the surface of the earth.Our lives are affected by our surroundings in many ways. We depend on the resources to sustain ourselves in the surrounding areas.
   
   
   

2. Who coined the term geography? Give its two root words. 1+1+1=3                                            Ans. Eratosthenes The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese, a Greek scholar (276-194 BC.). The word has been derived from two roots from Greek language geo (earth) and graphos (description

3. “Geography as a discipline is concerned with three sets of questions”. Explain. Pg.-3             1+1+1=3                                                                                                                                          Ans Geography as a discipline is concerned with three sets of questions: (i) Some questions are related to the identification of the patterns of naturaland cultural features as found over the surface of the earth. These are the questions about what? (ii) Some questions are related to the distribution of the natural and human/cultural features over the surface of the earth. These are the questions about where?The third question is related to the explanation or the causal relationships between features and the processes and phenomena. This aspect of geographyis related to the question, why?
4. Explain the difference between history and geography? Why is the world called a global village? Pg. -4 1+2=3                                                                                                                                   Ans. Geography is a discipline of synthesis. It attempts spatial synthesis, and history attempts temporal synthesis. Its approach is holistic in nature. It recognises the fact that the world is a system of interdependencies. the present world is being perceived as a global village. The distances have been reduced by better means of transportation increasing accessibility. The audio-visual media and information technology have enriched the data base.
5. Explain the two approaches to studying geography? Name one person associated with each approach? Pg.- 7   2+1=3                                                                                                                            Ans The major approaches to study geography have been (i) Systematic and (ii) Regional. The systematic geography approach is the same as that of general geography. This approach was introduced by Alexander Von Humboldt, a German geographer (1769-1859) while regional geography approach was developed by another German geographer and a contemporary of Humboldt, Karl Ritter (1779-1859). In systematic approach, a phenomenon is studied world over as a whole,In the regional approach, the world is divided into regions at different hierarchical levels and then all the geographical phenomena in a particular region are studied
6. What do you understand about dualism in geography?                                                                   Ans Dualism is one of the main characteristics of geography which got introduced from the very beginning. This dualism depended on the aspect emphasised in the study. Earlier scholars laid emphasis on physical geography. But human beings are an integral part of the earth’s surface. They are part and parcel of nature. They also have contributed through their cultural development. Thus developed human geography with emphasis on human activitie

Chapter-2

Origin and Evolution of earth

1. Who gave the nebular Hypothesis? Pg.-13 Emmanuel kant

2. What is the other name of the Big bang theory? Pg.-13 Expanding Universe Hypothesis 

3. What are the three stages of the development of the universe according to the Big bang theory? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3 

4. What are the three stages of the development of planets? Pg.-15 1+1+1=3                                                                

5. Explain the evolution of the earth?

6. What are the three stages of Evolution of the present atmosphere? 1+1+1=3 
   

7. Define the following

• Galaxy  

• Nebula  

• Light year  

• Planetesimals 

• Degassing 

• Solar winds

• Differentiation

Chapter3

Interior of the Earth

1. Define the following: - 

1. Focus. 

2. Tsunami  

3. Asthenosphere  

4. Magma  

5. Epicenter. 

2. What are the three indirect sources about the interior of the earth? Explain. 1+1+1=3  

3. What is an earthquake? 1+1+1=3  

4. Write a short note on the shadow zone. 3 x 1 = 3

5. Distinguish between body waves and surface waves. 1+1+1=3  

6. Differentiate between Primary waves and secondary waves? 1+1+1=3  

7. Explain the five types of Volcanoes. 5x1=5  

8. Explain the five types of earthquakes. 5x1=5  

9. Explain the structure of the earth?  5x1=5  

10. Explain the five intrusive forms of volcanic landforms. 5x1=5 

Chapter-4
DISTRIBUTION OF OCEANS AND CONTINENTS

1. Define the following: Pg 271+1=2 

1. Pangaea

2. Hotspots 

3. Panthalassa

2. Who proposed the theory of continental drift? Explain four pieces of evidence is that support this theory.Pg 27   1+4=5

3. What were the two forces suggested by Wegener that forced the drifting of the continents? Pg27 1x2=2

4. Explain the concept of seafloor spreading. 1x2=2

5. Give arguments in favor of seafloor spreading. 

6. What is the rim of fire? Why is it called so? Give reasons for the same. 

7. Explain the three major ocean floor configurations. 

8. Who gave the theory of plate tectonics? 

9. What are the two main sources of heat within the earth?1/2 +1/2=1 

10. Name the plate which has maximum/minimum rate of plate movement. 

12. What are the 2 types of plates? Give two examples of each.    2+1=3 

Chapter-5

Geomorphic processes 

1. Distinguish between Exogenic and Endogenic forces. Pg 45

2. What is gradation? Explain its two components? pg 45

3. What are the four main factors for endogenic processes? pg 46

4. What do you understand about diastrophism? explain its four types?pg46

5. What are geomorphic agents explain?pg46

6. Explain the Importance of gravity and gradient in framing relief features?pg46

7. What is the main source of energy for an Exogenic forces?pg47

8. What is denudation? what are the processes concerned under denudation?pg47

9. What are the three major groups of weathering?explain.pg48

10. What do you understand by weathering?pg48

11. What is soil? Explain the process of soil formation? Pg45

12. What are the five factors that influence soil formation?

           

Chapter-7

Composition and Structure of Atmosphere

1. Describe the composition of the atmosphere? Explain the role carbon dioxide and ozone in atmosphere.1+1+1=3 

2. Explain in brief the importance of the following: -  

1. Troposphere  

2. Stratosphere  

3. Ionosphere  

3. Discuss the composition of the atmosphere and the importance of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. 5 x 1 = 5  

4. What are the elements of weather and climate? 1/2X6=3  

5. Discuss the composition of atmosphere and the importance of oxygen, nitrogen, and Carbon dioxide.5 x 1 = 5

6. Explain Structure of atmosphere

Chapter8

Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature

1. DEFINE-

1. Isolation  

2. Aphelion  

3. Perihelion

4.   Isolation

5. Terrestrial radiation  

2. The atmosphere is mainly heated by the………………….

3. What are the four factors that affect isolation? 1x4=4

4. Name the three ways in which earth gets heated? Explain each in detail. 1+3=4  

5. Why does the sky appear red or blue? Why do subtropical deserts have maximum heat? What is the major cause for the heating of the earth?                                            1+1+1=3  

6. What are the five factors that influence the temperature of air?                                                                 5x1=5

7. Distinguish between isolation and terrestrial radiation. 1+1+1=3  

8. What are the four factors that affect insulation? 1x4=4             

9. What is precipitation? Explain four forms of precipitation. 1+4=5 

10. Discuss the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.

11. Explain the albedo of the earth.

12. What is the main cause of the heating of the atmosphere? Why?

13. Name a gas that traps heat? Co2

14. Explain heat budget.

15. What is the heat balance or heat budget of the earth?

16. What are isotherms?

17. Explain air drainage?

18. What do you understand about the normal lapse rate?

19. What do you understand by inversion of temperature? Pg87

    
    

Chapter-10

Water in the atmosphere

1. Define:-

• Absolute humidity, 

• Relative humidity, 

• Saturated air, 

• Dew point,

• Evaporation, 

• Latent heat of temp, 

• Condensation, 

• Sublimation, 

• Humidity, 

• Hygroscopic nuclei (pg 98)

2. What are the factors that affect condensation? (pg 99)

3. What are the 4 types of condensation? (pg 99)

4. What are the 4 types of clouds? (pg99)

5. Name the three types of precipitation. Explain each in detail.

6. What are forms of condensation? Describe the process of dew and frost formation

7. Explain relative humidity? How is it different from absolute humidity? 1+2=3

8. Explain the world distribution of rainfall?

9. What are the three type’s rainfalls? Explain in detail.

Chapter- 12 

(WATER)

Page no 99

1. Why is the earth called a blue planet?

2. Explain the hydrological cycle.

3. Name four major divisions of the ocean floor. explain each division in detail 

4. Name the four major oceans 

5. ---------- percentage of land is covered with water 

6. Why do continental shelves have large deposits of petroleum 

7. Explain the five major divisions of the seafloor. give examples 

8. Explain the five minor divisions of the seafloor. give examples
   

9. What are the four factors that affect the temperature of water explain each in detail 

10. Explain the temperature structure of ocean waters over the middle and lower latitudes 

11. Explain the term thermocline 

12. What are the factors that affect ocean salinity 

13. What is salinity 

14. What is the average temperature of the surface water

Chapter-13

Movement of ocean Water

Define the following 

• wave crest 
• wave height
• wave amplitude
• wave period
• wave length
• wave speed 
• wave frequency

1. What are tides? What are the two force responses for tides? Explain (pg 121) 

2. What are waves? Name and explain the two forces that influence wave motion? (pg 120)

3. What is tidal current? (pg 121)

4. Distinguish between neap tide and spring tide? (pg 122)

5. Where is the highest tide recorded? (Pg 122)

6. What are different types of tides based on frequency? (pg 122)

7. Explain points regarding the importance of tide? (pg 122)

8. What are the 3 uses of tides? (pg 123)

9. What are the two types of features that influence ocean current? (pg 123)

10. Explain the 4 primary sources that influence current? (pg 123)

11. What is the difference between drift and current? (pg 123)

12. What are the two types of ocean current on the basis of depth, temperature? (pg 123)

13. What are the effects of ocean currents? (pg 124)

14. 
    
    

Fundamentals of Human Geography BOOK xii Question bank

XII-QUESTION BANK

Chapter-1 Human Geography Nature and Scope What are the two major components of earth? Define human geography?Pg-1 What is the core concern of geography? Pg-1 The dichotomy between physical and human geography is not very valid one and should be seen holistically. Discuss. Pg-1 What is dualism in geography? Pg-1 What are three important points given in the definition of-Pg-2 Ratzel Ellen C. Paul Vidal de la blache Explain the relation between technology, nature and human development ?Pg. 2  Differentiate between – determinism – stops and determinism –possibilism ?Pg. 3 Explain about three approaches to study human geography.Pg5                                                                                    Differentiate between Naturalization of humans and Humanization of nature. Pg. 3 3x1=3 What do you understand by neo determines on middle path? Pg. 4                                                    What are the broad stages of approaches that geography had dined different terms periods? Pg. 5    Explain the three approaches that emerged in 1970. Pg. 4-5 What are the subfields of geography? Pg. 6 Board questions  Which are the three core points of the human geography given by Elle C Semple?         (delhi 2009)                                     1 mark2. "The nature and human beings are so intricately intertwined that they cannot be separated."justify the statement.           (delhi 2016) page 2                         3mark   "Nature and humans are inseparable elements". justify the statement with examples .              (delhi 2017) page2 "The knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology." support this statement with examples . Page 2                   (All India 2015)   3mark How is knowledge of nature important to develop technology?explain with egs.       (delhi 2010)Page 2  What is the subject matter of study of geography? Explain any 3 facts.  (Delhi 2015) page 2 definition Explain with egs how nature gets humanised.   (Delhi 2014) page 2 "There is mutual interaction between  the elements of physical geography and human geography." support the statement with.        (Delhi 2014) Explain the concept of 'possibilism' with 3 suitable examples. Page 3 Define "human geography" in your own words. Mention any 4 fields of human geography.      (all India 2013)Page 6  Define 'human geography give 4 examples of elements of material culture created by humans,using the resources provided by nature. Page 2 Explain the concept of 'determinism' with suitable egs.    (delhi 2011,09)pg-2 Explain the concept of neo determinism with suitable egs.pg-4 What is the new concept of Griffith Taylor in the field of human geography?describe the concept with examples. (All India 2008)Pg-4 How does technology loosen the shackles of envt. on humans?explain with egs. (All India 2010)pg-2 State 6 approaches of human geography? (2008)Pg-5 State 6 different fields of human geography. (2008) pg-7 State any six subfields of social geography. (2008) pg-7 Six subfields of economic geography? (2008) pg-7     "The knowledge and understanding of the laws are extremely valuable to humankind" Explain the values that can help us the gifts of nature in a sustainable manner.(2016)pg-2 Explain how technology indicates the level of cultural development of society. (delhi 2012) p

Chapter-2  The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth What was the population of the world at the beginning of the 21st century? SIX BILLION Name the third most densely populated country of the world. U.S.A What is the real wealth of the country?People  Name the country with  highest population CHINA second highest population INDIA Explain the four geographical factors that influence population  distribution?Pg-9 CLAWS Define density of population.   What do you understand  by the term Growth of Population and Natural growth of Population Explain the three economic factors that influence Population. Pg-10 Which are the basic components responsible for population growth? Describe each component in brief. Pg. 11 What is actual growth rate of population? Pg-11 Which are the three basic components responsible for population change? Describe each factor in brief. Pg 11 , 4marks Define Crude birth rate.  Explain the theory given by Malthus. What are the two types of checks as per Malthus? Explain which is better why?Pg-15 What do you understand by DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE? Pg-15 Discuss the three stages of transformation of an agrarian economy into urban  industrial one?Give one country as a  representative sample as per your book?PG-15 What do you understand by family planning? Explain steps taken to prevent population growth?Pg-15 Board questions  1.How is density of population of a region calculated? delhi 2015 pg-9 2. Define the term population distribution. 2015 pg-8 3. Give the meaning of crude birth rate.  2013 pg-11 4. Define the term density of population. 2012 pg-9 5. Define the population growth.2012 pg-10 6. Define the term positive growth of population. 2011 pg-10 7. Explain any 3 push and any 2 pull factors that influence the migrations of population in the world.  2016 pg-12 8. Describe any 3 factors the the first stage of demographic transition theory.   2014 pg-14 9. Describe 3 characteristics of  the last stage of demographic transition theory.  2014 pg-14 10.Explain with examples any 3 geographical factors which influence the distribution of population in the world.   2008 pg-9 11."90% of the world population lives in about 10% of its total land areas,whereas remaining 10% population resides in the 90% of its land area." support the statement with eggs.    2017 pg-8 12. What is the meaning of density of population ? Examine the 4 geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in the world with examples.  2017 pg-9  13. What is demographic cycle? describe 3 stages of demographic transition theory?   2016 pg-14 14. When does positive population growth takes place ? explain the geographical factors that influence the distribution of population in the world.   2015 pg-10 15 How is the mortality rate of a region affected?explain any 4 push factors responsible for migration. 2015 pg-12 16. Explain 3 economic and 2 social and cultural factors influencing the distribution of the population in the world.  2015 pg-10 17.Explain 3 components of population change in the world .

Chapter-3 Human Development Name the only country of the one, which has proclaimed gross national happiness as the measure of countries progress. 2x1=2  Define the term Growth & Development.                       What is the main objective of human development according to noble laureate professor Amratya sen?   Explain HDI . Who created the human development index, when was it created? Explain human poverty index (HPI) 3x1=3  Classify the countries of the world based on Human development.  1+2=3  Explain the four approaches to human development. 4x1=4              What are the three key main area  of human development?Pg-24 What are the four pillars of human development?Pg-25 What are the indicators used for the HDI?Pg-26 What are the indicators used for the HPI? [Human Poverty Index]Pg-26  Distinguish between HDI and HPI?Pg-27 Name the country, which proclaimed GNH as a means of countries progress? What is GNH?Pg-27  board questions (Chapter 3) 1.Leading a long and healthy life is an important aspect of human development.Give an argument to support this statement. (Hots delhi 2016) 2.Define the concept of human development. 2016 3.Which country has proclaimed gross national happiness as the measure of a country's progress. 2014 4.Name the counry which has the highest rank in human development index. 2014 5 Explain the basic needs approach to human development in the world,  6.Mention any 2 key areas of measuring human development.2013 7.Which is the most significant aspect of human development?2012 8.Explain any 3 human values which are required to empower socially and economically disadvantaged people. Hots 2013 9.Development is a qualitative change,which is always value positive. Support this statement with 3 arguments. 2012 hots 10 Explain the key areas of human development.2012 11. Differentiate between growth & development with eg 2012 12. Explain any 3 features of welfare approach of human development.2012 13.Explain the concept of equity and sustainability as the pillars of human development. 2011 14.The size of a territory & per capita income are not directly related to human development.Support this statement with egs. 2017 16 . What is human development ?Analyse the four pillars of human development 2017

Chapter-4  Primary Activities In the modern time gathering has become market oriented and commercial. Explain this statement with examples.                           3x1=3                          Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distance or vertically. Explain this statement with examples.      3x1=3 What do you understand by transhumance? State any four characteristics of pastoral Nomadism.                   3x1=3 What are the economic activities? Explain poverty types or economic activites What is primary activites? Pg-31 Name the two oldest economic activities. Pg-31 What is poaches?Pg-31 What is nomadic herding? Give its characters. What is subsistence agriculture?explain it in two categories?Pg-34 Explain slash and burn agriculture/shifting agriculture?give two other names associated with shifting agriculture?Pg-36 What are the four important plantation crops?Pg-37 Explain five characterstic feature of  plantation agriculture?Pg-37 Explain about the contributions of the differest colonial power in selling plantation agriculture in different parts of the world?Pg-37 Give atleast 3 ex’s to prove that plantation agriculture was introduced by the Europeans and the American in the tropical lands?Pg-37  In which typee of agriculture developed by no. off seasons ?european colonies in  tropical landsPg-37 What is the difference between mixed farming and  dairy farming?Pg-38 In which type of agriculture crops & animal husbandary are given are equal importance?PG-38 Why is dairy farming concentrated near the urban and industrial centers? Name the main regions and associated with the  commercial dairy farming?Pg-39 In which type of agriculture there is no off season?Pg-39 Which type of agriculture is famous for citrus fruits?Pg-39 What is Viticulture?GRAPE CULTIVATION Which country is famous for  the growth of tulip?NETHERLAND What is factory farming?Pg-40 What is horticulture?Pg-40 Explain truck farming?Pg-40 What are factors that led to sudden increase in mining activity? Explain the factors that influence mining?Pg-41 Name a country in which collective farming was practiced.USSR what was it called?KOLKHOZE Name a country in which every farmer is a member of the co-operative movement?DENMARK What are two methods of mining? Why are developed countries moving away from mines?Pg-42 Name three important stages regarding use of the history of human development? Pg-42 What have been various uses of mineral  since ancient times? Pg-42 Explain major factors effecting mining activity. Pg-42 There are two types of mining shown in diagram?Identify  and give, correct title or name to each?Pg-43 Give two major feature of  each type of mining?Pg-43 Write a short note on open caste mining?Pg-43 Board questions What are economic activities?2015 Pg.31  Who are called red collar workers?2015 Pg.  What is truck farming?2014 Pg.40 6 Name the 2 activities on which the early human beings were dependent on the environment for their sustenance.2011,2008. Pg.33 7. What is nomadic herding?2011 Pg.33  Name any 2 areas of high latitudes in the world,where gathering economic activities are practised.2010 Pg.32  Name the country where practically every farmer is a member of cooperative society.2008 Pg.41 10.Explain any 3 features of underground mining methods in different countries of the world.2010 Pg.42  "Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals in the world." Analyse the statement with examples.2009 Pg.38-39  Describe the way of life of nomadic herders in the world.2017 Pg.33  Classify intensive subsistence agriculture into 2 categories practised in the world.How are they different from each other.2017 Pg.36-37  Diff. B/w nomadic herding and commercial livestock rearing , any 5 points of distinction.2016 Pg.33 16.Diff. B/w cooperative farming and collective farming , 5 points.2016 Pg.41  Define the term commercial livestock rearing.Explain any 4 characteristics.2015 Pg.33  Define the term mixed farming.Explain any 4 characteristics of mixed farming practised in the world.2014 Pg.38  Explain any 5 characteristics of extensive commercial grain cultivation practised in the world.2014 Pg.37-38  Explain any 5 characteristics of dairy farming in the world.2013 Pg.38-39 Describe 5 characteristics of economic activities of hunting and gathering in the world.2012 Pg.31  Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practised in the world ? What is the importance of dairy farming ? Why is it mainly practised near urban and industrial centres of the world?Explain 2 reasons.2011 Pg.38-39  What is subsistence agriculture.Mention any 4 points of primitive subsistence agriculture.2011 Pg.34 And pg.36  "There is low yield per acre but high yield per person in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid latitudes in the world".Support this statement with suitable examples.2009 Pg.37-38  What is the meaning of market gardening and horticulture.Describe any 4 characteristics of this type of agriculture in the world.2008 Pg.40

Chapter-5  Secondary Activities Why are the cotton textile industries shifting to the developed countries of the world?                                  3x1=3  What are foot loose industries?                       3x1=3 Explain with suitable example any four factors which help in location of an industry in a particular region                       4 x 1 = 4 What is the importance of tourism? Explain with examples the four factors of tourist attractions in the world. What are secondary activites?PG-45 How is manufacturing different  in the developed and developing countries?Pg-45 Distinguish between - Pg-45 specialization of skills methods of production Explain the concept of manufacturing in past?what do yo understand by  the term manufacturing today?Pg-46 What are the five characters of modern manufacturing?Pg-46 Explain organizational structure significant of manufacturing industries?Pg-46 What is a market? which regions of the world have better markets why?Pg-47 Which regions of the world offers smaller market?PG-47 Which industries are located near to the source of raw materials and why?Pg-47 What are the factors that led to reduced dependence on labors? Pg-47 Explain about the change that has taken place in relative importance of different resource of energy in relation to the industry?Pg-47 Explain the impact of efficient transportation on industrial developments ? Pg-47 Distinguish between –household & cottage manufacturing PG-49 Explain the ………..large scale industries….? Pg-49 What are the basis of large scale manufacturing ?world major industries regions may be grouped into two broad types?Pg-50 What do you understand by agrobased factories? Distinguish between consumer goods industry/basic industries?Pg-51 What are the three types of industries on the basis of ownership?Pg-51 What are smoke stock industries?how can recognized traditional industrial region?Pg-51 Explain about the important(Rurh valley)?what are the various changes that have taken place in the importance of the same through ages?Pg-51 Explain about high  technology industries?Pg-51 Name the rust bowl?51 What are the subsectors of cotton industry?Pg-53 Why is the cotton textile industry shifting to the developing countries of the world?Pg-51 board questions  1 mark question 1.Define the term technopolies. (Delhi 2016) 4.What is a household industry?(2011) 5.Name any 2 sub-sectors of cotton textile industry in the world.(Delhi 2009) 6.What is the importance of secondary activities in the world?2009 7.Classify industries into 2 groups on the basis of metallic minerals.All india 2008 3 mark questions 8.What are the traditional large scale industrial regions?Give any 2 characteristics of them.2014 9.Describe any 3 characteristics of household industries.(Delhi 2014) 10.Give the meaning of high-tech industry .State any 2 characteristics of this industry.2013 11.Explain any 3 characteristics of modern large scale manufacturing in the world.2013,2008 12.How do secondary activities add value to natural resources?Explain with 3 egs.2012 13. 14.Explain any 3 characteristics of 'foot loose industry'.2012 15.How are technological innovations an important aspect of modern manufacturing industries?Explain any 3 aspects in this regard.Hots,2011 16.Explain the concept of 'high technology industry' with egs.2011 17.Classify industries of the world on the basis of ownership into 3 groups.State the main features of each group.2010,2008 18.Distinguish between small scale and large scale industries by stating three points of each.2009  (5 mark questions) 19.Explain 5 factors that influence the industrial location in the world.2015,2010 20.Define the term manufacturing.Explain any 4 factors of small scale manufacturing.2014 21.Define manufacturing.Classify manufacturing industries on the basis of size into 3 categories and explain the important characteristics of each type.2013 22.Describe any 5 factors influencing industrial location in the world.2010 Chapter-6 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities What are the tertitary activites? What is the main difference between secondary & tertiary activity?Pg-53 Explain the characters of a rural-Pg-57 A)marketing center B)urban market centers C)retail trading services  What do you understand by trade?what are the trading centers?trading centersmay be divided into two types in term of geographical locatioin?Pg-57 Explain the importance of transport . whaat are the three ways in which transport distance can be measured ?what are isochrone lines?Pg-58 What are the two factors that influence transport service ?explain each?Pg-58 What do understand by mass media? Pg 59 Name the activity shown in the figure. Pg 59explain the nature of this activity to which sector does it belong? Pg 59 What are the three types of tourism region? PG 60 What are the factors that attract tourism? Pg. 60 What are gold collar professions? Distinguish between (A) KPO & BPO (B)out sourcing and offsharing & home shoring ? Pg 62 What is medical tourisim? Which country was emerged as leading country of medical tourism in the world ? Pg 61 What do you understand by digital divide? Why does it exisist within the country? Pg 63 Chapter 7  TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES board questions 1mark questions. 1. Give the meaning of the digital divide.2014  Define the term ‘quaternary activities’.2014, 2009 Define the term ‘tertiary activities’.2013 Give any 2 examples of tertiary activities.2012 Give the meaning of retail trading services.2013, 2011 Give any 2 examples of quaternary activities.2012, 2013 Define the term ‘tourism’2012 3mark questions Explain any 3 characteristics of quaternary activities.2011 Explain any 3 characteristics of Periodical markets of rural areas in the world.2010 What are the 2 factors affecting tourism in the world? 2010 .’Outsourcing has resulted in opening up a large number of job opportunities in several countries. Analyse the statement with 3 suitable examples.2009  How does the climate of a region attract tourists? Explain with examples from different regions of the world.2009 Compare the features of rural and urban marketing centres of the world in three points.2008  5mark questions Explain the importance of transport. What are the three ways to measure transport distance? What are isochrone’s (lines)?  1+3+1=5 What is tourism? Analyse any 4 tourist attractions in the world.2016  What is medical tourism? Explain the scope of medical services for overseas patients in India.2015 ’Services are a very important aspect of the economic development of a country’. Analyse the statement by explaining the 5 components of a service sector.2011

Chapter-8 Transport and Communication Which continent has the road density as well highest number of vehicles? What can be the various urban transport solutions? 1+4=5 Name the transcontinental railway line shown in the above map. How has this railway line helped in the economic development? Explain two points. 1+2=3 What are the advantages of water transport? (P71). 1+2=3  Explain about the development in modern passenger liners that have revolutionized sea transport. What are the prinicipal mode of world transpoart ? Pg 65 What are the three factors that influence choice of mode of transport ? State two inventions that revolutionize the transport. Name two great freight carriers ?Pg  Pg 66 What are the newer development in transport ? Pg 66 Name the two countries were human labour is still least? Pg 66 What are the problems confronting in metal roads ? what can be effective solutions for this problem? Pg 67 Which continent has the highest road density _ highest no of vehicles? Pg67 Give four urban satellites. Pg 67 What are the four types of railway gauges? what is the advantage of railways .what are commuter trains ? Pg 68 Name the highways of Canada, America, Australia and their ends. Pg 68 Name the longest highway of India. Also, name the area it connects. Describe any four features of highway of North America. Pg 68 Define the term transport . Pg 68 Which continent has the most dense network of railways in the world Pg 69 Name 2 countries where underground railways are important  Name the railway line shown in the figure? Pg 70 Name the station marked A& B. Pg 70 What is the economic significance of the same ? Pg 70 Name the two water bodies it connects? Pg 70 Name the longest railway line of the world and name its two end points .Pg 70 What are the advantages of water transpoart? Pg 71 How have modern passenger liners revolutionized the transport system (marine)? Pg 72 Name the most important sea route of the world explain its importance. g 7 Explain about the big trunk route?(P73) What is the importance of Suez Canal / Panama Canal / coastal shipping? (74) What are the various types of inland waterway? (P75) What are the things transported by inland waterway? (P75) Why has the inland waterway lost their relative importance? (P75) How can we increase the Navigability of a river? (P76) Which is the most heavily used waterway in the world? (P76) What are the advantages of air transport? (P77) What are the various types of goods transported by pipelines? (P77) What was the first major break  through in the fields of communication?(P78) What do you understand by cyber space?(P79) Name the countries that have pioneer space research?(P79) What are the factors that influence the inland water navigation? (P75)   CHAPTER 8 1 MARK QUESTIONS Which country of the world has the highest road density?         All India 2017 Why is Asia the least developed in rail facilities? Explain anyone       All India 2017  Define the term ’transport network’?      Delhi 201 In which country are motorways called ‘autobahns’?       All India 2018 Mention the busiest ocean route in the world.       Delhi 2015 Name the seaports on each end of the Suez Canal?    Delhi 2014 Define the term road density?   Delhi 2014 What is the meaning of cyberspace?      All India 2014 Name the most important inland waterways of Germany      All India 2 Name the terminal stations of the ‘Australian transcontinental railway?    Delhi 2013, 2009 Which highway connects North America to South America?   All India 2012 Name the navigational canal that serves as a gateway of commerce for both the continents of Asia and Europe?     Delhi 2011 Give the significance of the river S.t Lawrence River as an inland waterway?     Delhi 2011 Name the terminal stations of the orient express railways?      All India 2011 Name the terminal stations of the Australian transcontinental railway?     Delhi 2009 Name the terminal stations of the longest railway route in the world       All India 2009 Which is the famous petroleum pipeline of use?         All India 2009   3 MARK QUESTIONS   Describe any three advantages of water transport in the world?     Delhi 2013 Explain any three points of economic significant of ‘trans-Siberian railway’          Delhi 2013 20. What is cyberspace? Describe any 2 advantages of the internet.      Delhi 2013 21. Why is the Rhine the world's most heavily used waterways? Explain any 3 reasons     Delhi 2013 22. Mention the famous oil pipeline of the USA. How are pipelines one of the most convenient modes of transport?      Delhi 2011 5 MARK QUESTIONS 23. Classify means of communication on the basis of scale and quality into 2 categories. Explain any 2 characteristics of each category.   HOTS all India 2017 24.’The Suez and the Panama Canal are two vital man-made navigational canals that serve as the gateways of commerce for both the eastern and western worlds’ in the light of the statement, explain the economic significance of the 2 canals.         HOTS; Delhi 2015 25. Trans-Canadian railway line is considered as the economic artery of Canada ‘support the statement with suitable examples      HOTS; ALL INDIA 2016 26.’The rhine waterway is the world's most heavily island waterway ‘. In the light of this statement, examine the significance of the waterway.     HOTS; ALL INDIS 2015 27. Explain the importance of ‘communication services in the world     All India 2016 28. Which means of transport is extensively used for carrying water, petroleum, natural gas, and other liquids? Describe the network of this means of transport in his world      Delhi 2015 29. Describe the journey of the developments of land transport from the days of humans as carriers and the cableways of today    HOTS; DELHI 2015 30. Name the longest trans-continental railway in the world. Describe its 4 features.       Delhi 2015 31. Which shipping canal links the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean? Explain its 4 characteristics.        All India 2015 32. Explain any 5 characteristics of rail transport in Europe         All India 2012 33. Which is the longest transcontinental railway of North America? Describe Its 4 features.     All India 2015 34. State any 3 characteristics of water transport. Why is traffic far less on the Cape of Good Hope route?     Delhi 2012 35. Which continent has the highest road density? Why do traffic congestions occur on road? Explain any 3 measures to solve the problem of traffic congestion      Delhi 2013 36. Explain the merits and demerits of road transport in the world?       All India 2012 37. Explain the significance of each of the transported communication services available in the world.     Delhi 2010 38. Name the principal mode of transportation in the world which is used for carrying liquids and gaseous materials only. Mention any 4 characteristics of this mode of transportation.      Delhi Board 2010 39. What is the significance of inland waterways? Explain the three factors responsible for the development of inland waterways in the world.   All India 2010 40. What are highways? Explain the significance of highways with examples from different counties     All India 2009 41. What is the importance of roads? Explain three reasons for the existence of good quality roads in developed countries.   All India 2009 42. Write any 6 features of the Suez Canal  Delhi 2009 43. Mention any 6 advantages of oceanic routes.   Delhi 2009 44. Which is the busiest sea route in the world? Describe its 4 characteristics.      Delhi 2008 45. Define the term ’transcontinental railways’. Write 4 characteristics each of trans-Siberian railways and trans-Canadian railways.  Delhi 2008 46. Define the term ‘transport’. Describe any 4 features of the highways of North America.    Delhi 2008.

Chapter-9  INTERNATIONAL TRADE What do you understand by barter system? Why were rare objects used as a medium of exchange? PG81 What was the most initial form of trade in primitive society / What were the various rare objects used before paper currencies and coins? Why were they used? PG82 What do you understand the term solarium? PG82 What are the five basis of international trade? How do differences in national resources lead to trade give 3 points.(2008 BOARDS)PAGE 83 How does population as a factor influence foreign trade? give 2 points Pg 83 What are the three aspects of international trade? Pg 84 What do you understand by balance of trade? When is it considered favorable OR unfavorable? Pg 85 What are the two types of international trade? Pg 85 What do you understand by most favored nations? Pg 85 What do you understand by MFN? What do you understand by dumb goods? What is the impact of dumping or domestic producers? Pg 86 What are the various facilities provide by a part how can the importance of a port be judged? Pg 88 How can international prove to be detrimental to the nations? What is a port? What are the various facilities provided by ports? Pg 88 What are the benefits of international trade? Pg 88 How ports are classified in terms of traffic handle / location/specialized functions? Pg 89 Why has the North Atlantic Sea Route become the busiest route in the world? Give three reasons       3 x 1 = 3 Why seaports considered the gateway of international trade? Explain about any four types of ports 1+2=. State the 2 functions of world trade organisation ?(Wto) delhi 2013.16  How is ‘ barter system ‘ practiced around various tribal communities in the world ? delhi 2016  Assess the positive aspect of ‘ trade liberalisation ‘ ? hots , all india 2016  How is favourable balance of trade an indicator of economic development of a country ? all india 2016  What are naval ports? Give one example. alll india 2013 Name the type of most of the great ports in the world? all india 2010 |Comprehensive  Categorise the international trade into 2 tyeps. all india 2010 (bailateral and multilateral ) What are the initial form of trade in the primitive society? all india 2009 barter systen  Name the international organisation dealing with the global rules of trade between nations . all india 2008  3 marks questions  Explain with example how ‘ stage of economic development’ and ‘ foreign investment’ become the basis of international trade. delhi 2013  What is free trade. Give 2 advantages of free trade. all india 2013  Why are ports called ‘ gateway international trade ‘ ? Explain any 3 reasons all india 2013  Classify ports of the world into two types of the basis of their location . Explain any 2 features of each type of ports. delhi 2010 How is the difference in natural resources a basis of international trade? Explain with 3 examples. all india 2010 . Delhi 2009 5 marks question  ‘ In modern times international trade is the basis of the world economy ‘ support the statement with example. hots, all india 2017  Difference between bilateral trade and multilateral trade . Explain how ports are helpful in trade. delhi 2014 20.Why are ports known as ‘ gateway of international trade’ ? Explain any 3 characteristics of inland ports. all india 2014  Explain any two function of two? Why has organisation being criticised. Explain the role of world trade organisation. delhi 2014 22.Explain the 2 types of international trade. Examine any 3 possible negative imacts of globalisation along with free 5trade in the world. delhi 2013  Explain any 5 basis of international trade . delhi 2012, 2008 , all india 2012  Why are ports called gateway of international trade? Explain any 3 facilities provided by them all india 2008